GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260571561
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 17, Problem 39P
The text has discussed the RNA-Seq technique, which quantifies the amounts of mRNAs present in a given cell type at a given time. We have also described the method of ribosome profiling, which quantifies the levels of mRNA sequences that are being translated actively in a cell population at a given time. But even when both kinds of experiments are performed, the data do not tell us accurately the relative amounts of the protein products of these mRNAs in the cells at that time. Why not? What elements of gene expression do these techniques account for and what elements do they ignore?
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RNA are extracted from liver cells and separated in agarose gel by electrophoresis side-by-side with a molecular weight marker. The separated RNA fragments are then transferred to an RNA-binding membrane. Next, this membrane is incubated with labelled probe specific for the gene X. This experiment determines:
how many copies of gene X there are in liver cells.
if the gene X is translated in liver cells.
if gene X has a point mutation in liver cells.
the chromosomal location of gene X.
the length of the transcript of gene X.
The sequencing of entire genomes has made it possible to examine the level of gene expression in a particular cell or tissue by using oligonucleotide probes to assess the mRNA expression level from a particular gene. This is done most effectively through the use of what experimental technique?
You are studying a rare form of brain cancer where the newly-discovered genes BR and AIN are known to play a role in the development of this cancer. You perform a RNA-seq analysis on a patient with this form of cancer and compare the resulting expression histogram to a healthy patient. You conclude that AIN is heavily upregulated in the cancer patient and that the cancer patient's mRNA for BR retains one of that gene's introns in the RNA-seq results. Based on this information, BR is likely a(n) _________ and AIN is likely a(n) _________ .
a.
oncogene; tumor-suppressor gene
b.
tumor-suppressor gene; tumor-suppressor gene
c.
oncogene; oncogene
d.
tumor-suppressor gene; viral gene
e.
tumor-suppressor gene; oncogene
Chapter 17 Solutions
GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
Ch. 17 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 17 - For each of the following types of gene...Ch. 17 - List five events other than transcription...Ch. 17 - Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase RNA pol I, pol II,...Ch. 17 - As shown in the following diagram, a single...Ch. 17 - You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reporter...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7PCh. 17 - Prob. 8PCh. 17 - A single UAS regulates the expression of three...Ch. 17 - MyoD is a transcriptional activator that turns on...
Ch. 17 - a. Assume that two transcription factors are...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12PCh. 17 - In Problem 12, you identified a genomic region...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14PCh. 17 - Prob. 15PCh. 17 - Genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17PCh. 17 - Lysine 4 of histone H3 H3K4 is methylated in the...Ch. 17 - J.T. Lis and collaborators have developed an...Ch. 17 - Hydatiform moles are growths of undifferentiated...Ch. 17 - Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a mutation in...Ch. 17 - The human IGF2 gene is autosomal and maternally...Ch. 17 - Follow the expression of a paternally imprinted...Ch. 17 - Reciprocal crosses were performed using two inbred...Ch. 17 - Interestingly, imprinting can be tissue-specific....Ch. 17 - Prob. 26PCh. 17 - A method for detecting methylated CpGs involves...Ch. 17 - Honeybees Apis mellifera provide a striking...Ch. 17 - Consider the experiment in Fig. 17.24, where the...Ch. 17 - A protein or RNA that regulates gene expression in...Ch. 17 - a. How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to...Ch. 17 - A hunchback gene, a gene necessary for proper...Ch. 17 - You know that the mRNA and protein produced by a...Ch. 17 - You are studying a transgenic mouse strain that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 35PCh. 17 - Scientists have exploited the siRNA pathway to...Ch. 17 - Persimmons Diospyros lotus are dioecious plants,...Ch. 17 - Drosophila females homozygous for loss-of-function...Ch. 17 - The text has discussed the RNA-Seq technique,...Ch. 17 - Researchers know that Fru-M controls male sexual...Ch. 17 - The Drosophila gene Sex lethal Sxl is deserving of...Ch. 17 - Figure 17.29 shows that the Sxl protein binds to...
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- During experimental RNAi, how does the researcher affect expression of a target gene? Group of answer choices Inject custom, lab-made double-stranded RNA into the specimen that will be targeted by the cell's existing Dicer to create siRNA complementary to the target gene's transcript. Inject lab-made Dicer proteins into the specimen which will cut up the target gene's transcript. Inject custom, lab-made siRNAs complementary to the target gene's transcript.arrow_forwardDescribes a method known as Western blotting that can be used to detect a polypeptide that is translated from a particular mRNA. In this method, a particular polypeptide or protein is detected by an antibody that specifically recognizes a segment of its amino acid sequence. After the antibody binds to the polypeptide within a gel, a secondary antibody (which is labeled) is used to visualize the polypeptide as a dark band.For example, an antibody that recognizes α-galactosidase A couldbe used to specifically detect the amount of α-galactosidase A proteinon a gel. The enzyme α-galactosidase A is defective in individuals with Fabry disease, which shows an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. Amy, Nan, and Pete are siblings, and Pete has Fabry disease. Aileen, Jason, and Jerry are brothers and sister, and Jerry has Fabry disease. Amy, Nan, and Pete are not related to Aileen, Jason, and Jerry. Amy, Nan, and Aileen are concerned that they could be carriers of a defective…arrow_forwardTryptophan synthase is one of the enzymes synthesized from the trp mRNA. In wild-type E. coli, the trp mRNA has a short half-life, but the tryptophan synthase half-life is much longer. To investigate how changes to the stability of the enzyme or its mRNA affect enzyme activity, two strains of E. coli were engineered. Strain A stabilizes the trp mRNA and strain B rapidly degrades tryptophan synthase. The wild-type, A, and B strains were grown in a medium with glucose as the sole carbon source. After several generations, tryptophan was added to all three cultures and tryptophan synthase activity was measured periodically. Note: Evaluate each condition as a simple model, where changes in the stability of trp mRNA or tryptophan synthase do not elicit secondary effects in the cells. Select the statements that describe the expected change in tryptophan synthase activity after the addition of tryptophan. In strain B, since both the trp mRNA and tryptophan synthase are rapidly degraded, the…arrow_forward
- recombinant human insulin, produced by bacteria carrying a cloned insulin gene, is now the major form of insulin used to treat diabetes. It is know that the human insulin gene encodes an mRNA which is only 333 nucleotides long, but the entire gene spreads more than 4000 nucleotides. There are 3 exons and 2 introns. 1. What technique can you use inorder to get a functional insulin coding sequence cloned into bacteria and how does this technique work? 2. The technique used in 1, you would need to start with cells cells from the pancreas, why are these the only cells that would work ?arrow_forwardZoey Wong is a research officer at the Department of Biosciences of Tunku Abdul Rahman University College. Her supervisor instructs her to prepare chemically competent cells for heat shock transformation from old batches of competent cells that are already available in the freezers. The competent cells will eventually be used for the expression of a prokaryotic enzyme using the pET vector system. (i) (ii) You found several different strains of Escherichia coli in the -80 C freezer. State three (3) E. coli strains you would use for your project which involves the cloning and expression of the protein of interest. In order for cloning and expression to happen optimally, suggest two (2) types of pET vectors suitable for your project.arrow_forwardIn relation to central dogma of molecular biology answer the following questions: The length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the end of the protein-coding region, is 10,000 nucleotides, whereas the length of the mRNA produced from this gene is 4000 nucleotides. What is the most likely reason for this difference?arrow_forward
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