Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 17.4, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The role of mechanisms of evolution in the emergence of dependent clones.
Introduction:
Adaptive evolution is a phenomenon that involves natural selection of genetic traits. Random mutations accumulate in the genome of various organisms to give rise to
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Why is mutations almost always neutral or harmful? If this is true, why are mutations nevertheless essential to evolution
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Is gene transfer a form of eugenics? Is it advantageous to use gene transfer to eliminate some genetic disorders? Can this and other technology be used to influence the evolution of our species? Should there be guidelines for the use of genetic technology to control its application to human evolution? Who should create and enforce these guidelines?arrow_forwardWhat is horizontal gene transfer and how does it relate to evolution?arrow_forwardIn what sense does the universality of the genetic code support the theory of evolution?arrow_forward
- In bacteria, split genes are extremely rare. Have introns been inserted into genes in the evolution of higher organisms?arrow_forwardSome genes evolve more rapidly than others. But how can this be demonstrated?arrow_forwardHumans have engaged in genetic manipulation for millennia, producing plant and animal varieties through selective breeding and hybridization that significantly modify genomes of organisms. Why do you think modern genetic engineering, which often entails introducing or modifying only one or a few genes, has met with so much opposition? Should some forms of genetic engineering be of greater concern than others? Explain.arrow_forward
- Many mutations can be corrected by DNA proofreading/ repair enzymes. What would happen to the further evolution of a species if a perfect repair mechanism evolved such that no mutation ever went uncorrected?arrow_forwardNow that cloning is possible, should it be used to clone animals that are near extinction? What are the possible ramifications of this when it comes to genetic diversity and size of the gene pool?arrow_forwardWhy are homologous traits similar? A. they result from genetic and developmental similarities. B. they are epigenetic effects. C. they are derived from a common ancestor D. they result from convergent evolution E. they result because the environmental conditions of the ancestors were similar.arrow_forward
- The green sea slug carries the genes for synthesizing chlorophyll (apparently acquired from the chloroplasts of green algae), illustrating which type of genetic change leading to evolution? horizontal gene transfer gene deletion gene duplication mutation exon shufflingarrow_forwardIs Evolution Occurring in a Soybean Population?arrow_forwardMicrobiologists have discovered that alleles associated with antibiotic resistance are present in bacteria that live in soil, even in environments that are comparatively free of antibiotic pollution from human activities. Why are such alleles present (albeit at low levels) in bacterial populations? Conversely, if resistance alleles are beneficial, why are they rare in natural populations of bacteria?arrow_forward
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