Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The reaction of
The hydrolysis reaction of alkyl nitrile in presence of acid is written as,
The amide is first formed when the cyano group is hydrolysed in excess of water and if there is only one mole of water per mole of nitrile, the reaction can be stopped by the formation of amide.
(b)
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The reaction of alkyl halides with sodium cyanide gives alkyl cyanides or nitriles. After the reaction there is increase incarbon atoms of the alkyl chain of alkyl halide. The nitriles obtained undergo hydrolysis reaction in presence of acid gives carboxylic acid. The general reaction of alkyl halides and sodum cyanide is written as,
The hydrolysis reaction of alkyl nitrile in presence of acid is written as,
The amide is first formed when the cyano group is hydrolysed in excess of water and if there is only one mole of water per mole of nitrile, the reaction can be stopped by the formation of amide.
(c)
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Amide hydrolysis in aqueous base:
A carboxylate anion and ammonia or an
The formed carboxylate anion can be converted into carboxylic acid by the acidification of the reaction mixture.
(d)
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Concept introduction:
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) a) Given 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100% yield? b) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.25 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? c) The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?arrow_forwardIbufenac, a para-disubstituted arene with the structure HO2CCH2C6H4CH2CH(CH3)2, is a much more potent analgesic than aspirin, but it was never sold commercially because it caused liver toxicity in some clinical trials. Devise a synthesis of ibufenac from benzene and organic halides having fewer than five carbons.arrow_forwardRank the compunds in the order of increasing acidity.a. Phenol, p-methylphenol, p-(trifluoromethyl)phenolb. Benzyl alcohol, phenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid Illustrate and explain your answerarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning