(a) Interpretation: Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated. Concept Introduction: Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties. E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc. Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

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Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds of plant origin, many of which are physiologically active when administered to humans. Ingestion of coniine, isolated from water hemlock, can cause weakness, labored respiration, paralysis, and eventually death. Coniine is the toxic substance in the “poison hemlock” used in the death of Socrates. In small doses, nicotine is an addictive stimulant. In larger doses, it causes depression, nausea, and vomiting. In still larger doses, it is a deadly poison. Solutions of nicotine in water are used as insecticides. Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.Classify each amino group in these alkaloids according to type (primary, secondary, tertiary, aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic).

Describe the sources of alkaloids, name some examples, and tell how their properties are typical of amines.

(a) Draw the structures for the eight constitutional isomers of molecular formula C 4H 11N. (b) Give the systematic name for each amine. (c) Identify the chirality center present in one of the amines.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.68P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of morphine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of morphine is shown below.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of quinine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, etc.

Chemical structure of quinine is shown below.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Natural source and a medicinal use of atropine should be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources. In general, all alkaloids are bitter in taste. Many alkaloids show pharmacological properties.

E.g. Morphine has analgesic properties, Cocaine has stimulant properties, quinine has antimalarial properties, Atropine has muscle relaxing properties, etc.

Chemical structure of atropine is shown below.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18.4 - Decaffeinated coffee is produced by extracting the...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that all alkaloids are bitter in taste and show pharmacological properties. Morphine acts on the central nervous system to decrease pain.

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Chapter 18 Solutions