BIOLOGY 12TH ED (LL) W/ CONNECT
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264898091
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 18, Problem 2IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way in which the number of proteins produced by the genome can be predicted.
Introduction: An organism’s complete DNA set including all its genes is termed as a genome. Genome sequencing is the process in which an organism’s entire sequence of the DNA is determined.
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason why the estimate may be inaccurate.
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A 2500 bp region of the human genome encodes two genes. One of the genes encodes a protein of 600 amino acids and the other gene encodes a protein of 280 amino acids. The mRNA sequences of the two genes do not contain any of the same nucleotide sequences (i.e. they do not overlap). How is this possible? Fully explain your answer.
The human genome contains thousands of sequences known as small open reading frames, some of which encode proteins of about 30 amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides required to encode such a protein?
Describe the outcome of a chain-terminator sequencing procedure in which (a) too little ddNTP is added or (b) too much ddNTP is added.
Chapter 18 Solutions
BIOLOGY 12TH ED (LL) W/ CONNECT
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.1 - Describe the pros and cons of restriction mapping,...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.2 - Discriminate between dideoxy terminator sequencing...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.3 - Describe the findings of the Human Genome Project.Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18 - Prob. 1DACh. 18 - If the human genome contains approximately 3...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1IQCh. 18 - Prob. 2IQCh. 18 - Prob. 3IQCh. 18 - Prob. 4IQCh. 18 - Prob. 5IQCh. 18 - Prob. 6IQCh. 18 - A genetic map provides a. the sequence of the DNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2UCh. 18 - Approximately how many genes are there in the...Ch. 18 - An open reading frame (ORF) is distinguished by...Ch. 18 - What is a BLAST search? a. A mechanism for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6UCh. 18 - Prob. 7UCh. 18 - Prob. 8UCh. 18 - Prob. 1ACh. 18 - Prob. 2ACh. 18 - Prob. 3ACh. 18 - Prob. 4ACh. 18 - What information can be obtained from a DNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6ACh. 18 - Prob. 7ACh. 18 - You are in the early stages of a genome-sequencing...Ch. 18 - Genomic research can be used to determine if an...
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- The human genome (3.4Gb) would be 2.3 metres long if stretched linearly. In not more than 200 words, explain how a genome of this size is fit into a cell if minuscule proportionsarrow_forwardAssume 2x108 reads of 75 bps long are obtained from a next-generation sequencing experiment to sequence a human genome. Suppose the length of the human genome is 3x109 bps. What is the depth (i.e., coverage) of the sequencing?arrow_forwardWhat percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?arrow_forward
- How many nucleotides does the human genome contain?arrow_forwardYou have sequenced the genome of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium and find a protein that is 100 percent identical to a protein in the bacterium Escherichia coli. When you compare nucleotide sequences of the S. typhimurium and E. coli genes, you find that their nucleotide sequences are only 87 percent identical. How would you interpret the observations? Please make sure to select ALL correct answer options. Because genetic code is redundant, changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence can occur without change to its encoded protein. Due to the flexibility in the third positions of most codons, the DNA sequence can accumulate changes without affecting protein structure. Natural selection will eliminate many deleterious amino acid changes. This will reduce the rate of change in the amino acid sequence and lead to sequence conservation of the proteins. Protein sequences are expected to evolve and diverge more slowly than the genes that encode them.arrow_forwardYour advisor, a brilliant bioinformatician, has high regard for your intellect and industry. she suggests that you write a computer program that will identify the exons of protein- coding genes directly from the sequence of the human genome. In preparation for that task, you decide to write down a list of the features that might distinguish protein- coding sequences from intronic DNA and from other sequences in the genome. What features would you list?arrow_forward
- You are interested in finding out the function of a particular gene in the mouse genome. You have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene, defined the portion that codes for its protein product, and searched the relevant database for similar sequences; however, neither the gene nor the encoded protein resembles anything previously described. What types of additional information about the gene and the encoded protein would you like to know in order to narrow down its function, and why?arrow_forwardWhat does the symbol “N” indicate (see the arrow)? Is this a problem for getting an accurate DNA sequence? The height of the peak in the figure is an indication of the quality of the data, with a high peak correlated with a low error in “base-calling” of perhaps 1 error in 10,000 bases. Is this generally a high-quality DNA sequence for determining the true DNA sequence of the gene studied? How can you tell? Which end of the sequence shown above is the 5’ end of the sequence being made via PCR.arrow_forward, The E. coli genome is 4.6 Mbp (mega base-pairs). What is the physical length of the E. coli genome?arrow_forward
- The E. coli genome contains 1009 Chi sequences. Do these sequences occur at random, and, if not, how much more or less frequently than random do they occur?arrow_forwardYou are studying a large eukaryotic gene that is 439,515 base pairs long. You find the polypeptide that this gene produces in liver cells is 46,771 amino acids long. Your colleague studies the function of this gene in brain cells, and finds the polypeptide produced in the brain is much larger – 61,438 amino acids long. How do you explain this difference? Possible Answers: A. The cell cycle of liver cells is much longer than that of brain cells. B. This is due to alternative splicing. in the brain C. There was a different complement of sequence-specific transcription factor binding sites in the CRM of the brain cells. D. There is no 5' cap added to the gene product from the liver cells.arrow_forwardIn not more than 200 words, explain how the human genome of 3.4 Gb would be in 2.3 meters long when stretched linearly if this size is fit into a cell of minuscule proportions.arrow_forward
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