Chapter 18, Problem 31P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from E to H, a compound containing a primary amine and a primary amide needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ .Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Amide- is an organic compound contains the group of $-\mathrm{C}(O)N{H}_2$ , formed from ammonia by replacing one or more H atoms.

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

Answer to Problem 31P

Structure H.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

In the below structure, bond that is indicated in red color is the single $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond in the amide group which makes it as a $1^0$ amide. Bond that is indicated in blue color is the single $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond in the amine group which is responsible for the $1^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure H is a compound that contains a $1^0$ amine and a $1^0$ amide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from E to H, a compound containing a primary amine and a secondary amide needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ . Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Amide- is an organic compound contains the group of $-\mathrm{C}(O)N{H}_2$ , formed from ammonia by replacing one or more H atoms.

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

Answer to Problem 31P

Structure F.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

In the below structure, bonds that are indicated in red color are the two $C-N$ bonds in the amide group which makes it as a $2^0$ amide. Bond that is indicated in blue color is the single $C-N$ bond in the amine group which is responsible for the $1^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure F is a compound that contains a $1^0$ amine and a $2^0$ amide.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from E to H, a compound containing a secondary amine and a tertiary amide needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ . Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Amide- is an organic compound contains the group of $-\mathrm{C}(O)N{H}_2$ , formed from ammonia by replacing one or more H atoms.

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

Answer to Problem 31P

Structure E.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

In the below structure, bonds that are indicated in red color are the three $C-N$ bonds in the amide group which makes it as a $3^0$ amide. Bonds that are indicated in blue color are the two $C-N$ bonds in the amine group which is responsible for the $2^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure E is a compound that contains a $2^0$ amine and a $3^0$ amide.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from E to H, a compound containing a tertiary amine and a tertiary amide needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ . Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Amide- is an organic compound contains the group of $-\mathrm{C}(O)N{H}_2$ , formed from ammonia by replacing one or more H atoms.

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

Answer to Problem 31P

Structure G.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ amides - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amides- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amides- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

In the below structure, bonds that are indicated in red color are the three $C-N$ bonds in the amide group which makes it as a $3^0$ amide. Bonds that are indicated in blue color are the two $C-N$ bonds in the amine group which is responsible for the $2^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure G is a compound that contains a $3^0$ amine and a $3^0$ amide.