Chapter 18.2, Problem 8R

To determine

To compare: ionic and covalent bonds.

Answer to Problem 8R

Ionic bonds are formed by transferring of electrons and covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Ionic bonding is formed in which the entire transition of valence electron between atoms takes place. It is a type of chemical bond that produces two charged ions of the opposite polarity. A covalent bond is a chemical bond which involves the sharing of pairs of electrons among atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged atoms. When an atom loses its electron, it forms positively charged ion and if an atom gains electrons, is called as negatively charged ions. An electric force exists between the oppositely charged particles that hold the atoms together. During the formation of an ionic bond, one atom transforms its outer shell electron to other atom and forms the ionic compound. An ionic bond is formed between metal and non metal. Example of ionic bond are $\text{NaCl}$ , and ${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}$ .

Similarly, two identical non-metals, and two different non-metals, form a covalent bond. There are two kinds of covalent bonds such as non polar and polar covalent bond. There can be single covalent bond like ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}},{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ , etc.

The polar covalent bond is one in which there is separation of charges between two nonmetals. Some of the examples are ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O,CHCl}}_3$ , etc. a non polar covalent bond is formed between two same nonmetals and there is no separation of charges. Some of the examples are ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{,O}}_{\text{2}}$ , etc.

Conclusion:

Hence, ionic bonds are formed by transferring of electrons and covalent bonds are formed by electron exchange.