Chapter 19, Problem 12E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of rutile as TiO₂ on the basis of given unit cell needs to be determined.

  

Concept Introduction:

Each solid has a different type of unit cell and crystal lattice that makes it unique from other solids. The atoms are arranged in unit cells.

The unit cells in the solids can arrange in different ways. In a crystal each particle can be represented as spherical atoms which are packed together and bonded to each other equally in all directions. It is called closest packing of crystal that can be in hexagonal cubic packing, close cubic packing, face center cubic packing, etc.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The oxidation number, for both reactions with identification of oxidizing and reducing agent for each reaction needs to be done.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{2TiO}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{+ 3C}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 4Cl}}_{\text{2(g)}}\stackrel{\text{950°C}}{\to }{\text{2TiCl}}_{\text{4(g)}}{\text{+ CO}}_{\text{2(g)}}{\text{ + 2CO}}_{\text{(g)}}\\ {\text{TiCl}}_{\text{4(g)}}{\text{+O}}_{\text{2(g)}}\stackrel{\text{1000-1400°C}}{\to }{\text{TiO}}_{\text{2(s)}}{\text{+2Cl}}_{\text{2(g)}}\end{array}$

Concept Introduction:

Each solid has a different type of unit cell and crystal lattice that makes it unique from other solids. The atoms are arranged in unit cells.

The unit cells in the solids can arrange in different ways. In a crystal, each particle can be represented as spherical atoms which are packed together and bonded to each other equally in all directions. It is called closest packing of crystal that can be in hexagonal cubic packing, close cubic packing, face center cubic packing, etc.