WORLD OF CELL+MASTERING ACCESS >CUSTOM
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781323445044
Author: Hardin
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 19, Problem 19.3CC
You are working in a lab to identify new alleles of a gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that encodes the protein β-catenin. Based on the
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Here is a eukaryotic gene. The numbers given are base pairs of exon and intron.
How long in bases will the pre mRNA transcript be? Explain briefly.
What is the maximum number of amino acids that could make up the protein product from the final mRNA? Explain briefly.
You take DNA samples from a family with a history of the genetic disease spinal muscular atrophy, which results from many different mutations in the SMA gene. One mutation in the SMA gene is a 240-bp in-frame deletion mutation in the middle of an exon. Data from this family shows you that several individuals from the family have this mutation. What do you predict that you would find when comparing the mRNA and protein products of the mutated and unmutated SMA gene? Select all that apply.
1. The mRNA from the SMA is more stable than unmutated SMA mRNA.
2. The pre-mRNA from the SMA mutant is shorter than the unmutated SMA pre-mRNA.
3. The mature mRNA from the SMA mutant is longer than the unmutated SMA mRNA.
4. The protein from the mutated SMA is shorter than the unmutated SMA protein.
The length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the end of the protein-coding region, is 10,000 nucleotides, whereas the length of the mRNA produced from this gene is 4000 nucleotides. What is the most likely reason for this difference?
Chapter 19 Solutions
WORLD OF CELL+MASTERING ACCESS >CUSTOM
Ch. 19 - Suppose a tRNA has the anticodon 3-CGU-5. What two...Ch. 19 - Kanamycin is an antibiotic that binds to bacterial...Ch. 19 - You are working in a lab to identify new alleles...Ch. 19 - Suppose you are using GFP fusion proteins to study...Ch. 19 - Enzymes can undergo allosteric regulation or...Ch. 19 - Suppose you use molecular biology techniques to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.1PSCh. 19 - Tracking a Series of Mutations. The following...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.3PSCh. 19 - Prob. 19.4PS
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- IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations in the protein-coding region of a gene is more likely to lead to complete loss of function of the encoded protein: an insertion of six nucleotides or a deletion of two nucleotides? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardOne mutation is a deletion of six nucleotides in the second exon of the gene and the other mutation is an insertion of two nucleotides in the third intron of the gene. Which is more likely to have a significant effect on the expression of a functional polypeptide from this gene?arrow_forward
- Albinism is a condition where individuals can't make melanin pigment. The affected gene encodes for tyrosine aminotransferase, a key enzyme in melanin production. If you analyze the DNA of an albino individual, of the following mutations, which one is the least likely mutation responsible for the albino phenotype? A. A substitution of A to G at 3' splicing site. B. A deletion in the TATA box region. C. An insertion after the start codon. D. An extra stretch of TTAATT in intron 1.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely associated with the mRNA processing step of alternative splicing? 1. A gene is discovered to encode for two different proteins one protein has 46 amino acids and the other protein has 86 amino acid 2. A gene has 7 exons. one processed mRNA transcript from this gene contains exons 3, 4, 6 and 7. a second process mRNA transcript from this gene contains exons 2, 3, 5, and 7 3. The open reading frame of a gene contains 90 nucleotides but the translated polypeptide contains only 29 amino acids 4. Complexity of the transcrptome ( # of different mRNA molecules) increasesarrow_forwardA plant geneticist was examining the inversion mutation XI 501 in barley where a segment of DNA is removed, flipped, and reinserted in reverse order. The original protein functioned to assist in the separation of daughter cells during meiosis. A model of the initiation of normal protein translation is shown in the diagram. The action of the mutation is shown in orange. Using the model, which of the following predicts how the XI 501 mutation affects the protein produced? A - It creates a protein with the order of amino acids reversed, causing the protein to fold backward, reducing pollen functionality. B - It creates a nonsense protein that does not function in the cell, causing the cell to use energy to remove the proteins, reducing pollen fertility. C - It creates a protein that terminates at the mutation, causing the pollen to carry more than one copy of the genetic material in each granule. D - It creates a protein with half the amino acids correct and half reversed, reducing…arrow_forward
- What are the functions of transcriptional activator proteins and repressor proteins? Explain how they work at the molecular level.arrow_forward"The gene for Receptor Z contains an unknown number of untranslated first exons that are spliced to a common exon 2" - what does it mean if a "first exon" is "spliced to a common exon 2"? Does it mean that Exon 1 is attached to Exon 2, but Exon 1 is not part of the translated protein - similar to the below schematic? mRNA Option 1: [Exon 1a][Exon 2][Exon 3].... mRNA Option 2:[Exon1b][Exon2][Exon 3] mRNA Option 3: [Exon1c][Exon2][Exon 3]arrow_forwardAt the molecular level, how do you think a gain-of-function mutation in a developmental gene might cause it to be expressed in the wrong place or at the wrong time? Explain what type of DNA sequence would be altered.arrow_forward
- What happens when one base pair of DNA is lost from the coding region of a gene because of mutation? First explain how this would affect the mRNA sequence, and second, explain how this would alter the amino acid of the protein that is encoded.arrow_forwarda. If a single transition occurs in a codon that specifies Phe, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence? b. If a single transversion occurs in a codon that specifies Phe, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence? c. If a single transition occurs in a codon that specifies Leu, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence? d. If a single transversion occurs in a codon that specifies Leu, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence?arrow_forwarda. How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to several different types of mRNA molecules?b. Excluding the possible rare polycistronic message,how can a single mRNA molecule in a eukaryoticcell produce proteins with different activities?arrow_forward
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