To propose: The mechanism for the given reaction. Interpretation: The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines . Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
To propose: The mechanism for the given reaction. Interpretation: The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines . Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
Solution Summary: The author proposes the mechanism for the given reaction.
Definition Definition Organic compounds with a nitrogen atom having a lone pair of electrons on it. Amines are derived from ammonia (NH 3 ), wherein hydrogen atoms are substituted by an aryl or alkyl group.
Chapter 19, Problem 19.55SP
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
To propose: The mechanism for the given reaction.
Interpretation: The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
To describe: The reason that given reaction readily displaces fluoride as the leaving group.
Interpretation: The reason that given reaction readily displaces fluoride as the leaving group is to be described.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
To describe: The reason that given reaction stops with the desired products, rather than reacting with another dinitrofluorobenzene.
Interpretation: The reason that given reaction stops with the desired products, rather than reacting with another dinitrofluorobenzene are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
Fluoride ion is usually a poor leaving group because it is not very polarizable. Fluorideserves as the leaving group in the Sanger reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene), used inthe determination of peptide structures (Chapter 24). Explain why fluoride works as aleaving group in this nucleophilic aromatic substitution, even though it is a poor leavinggroup in the SN1 and SN2 mechanisms.
Why do we need to use lewis acids before electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction proceeds?
to produce a better nucleophile
to make the reaction proceed faster
to make the starting material more activated
to produce a better electrophile
Propose a mechanism for the following reaction (remember to use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons from the nucleophile to the electrophile):
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning