The Expenditure Approval Process
Roberto is the plant superintendent of a small manufacturing company that is owned by a large corporation. The corporation has a policy that any expenditure over $1,000 must be approved by the chief financial officer in the corporate headquarters. The approval process takes a minimum of three weeks. Roberto would like to order a new labeling machine that is expected to reduce costs and pay for itself in six months. The machine costs $2,200, but Roberto can buy the sales rep’s demo for $1,800. Roberto has asked the sales rep to send two separate bills for $900 each.
What would you do if you were the sales rep? Do you agree or disagree with Roberto’s actions? What do you think about the corporate policy?
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Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers
- Elliott, Inc., has four salaried clerks to process purchase orders. Each clerk is paid a salary of 25,750 and is capable of processing as many as 6,500 purchase orders per year. Each clerk uses a PC and laser printer in processing orders. Time available on each PC system is sufficient to process 6,500 orders per year. The cost of each PC system is 1,100 per year. In addition to the salaries, Elliott spends 27,560 for forms, postage, and other supplies (assuming 26,000 purchase orders are processed). During the year, 25,350 orders were processed. Required: 1. Classify the resources associated with purchasing as (1) flexible or (2) committed. 2. Compute the total activity availability, and break this into activity usage and unused activity. 3. Calculate the total cost of resources supplied (activity cost), and break this into the cost of activity used and the cost of unused activity. 4. (a) Suppose that a large special order will cause an additional 500 purchase orders. What purchasing costs are relevant? By how much will purchasing costs increase if the order is accepted? (b) Suppose that the special order causes 700 additional purchase orders. How will your answer to (a) change?arrow_forwardMarcotti Cupcakes bakes and sells a basic cupcake for $1.25. The cost of producing 600,000 cupcakes in the prior year was: At the start of the current year, Marcotti received a special order for 15,000 cupcakes to be sold for $1.10 per cupcake. To complete the order, the company must incur an additional $700 in total fixed costs to lease a special machine that will stamp the cupcakes with the customers logo. This order will not affect any of Marcottis other operations and it has excess capacity to fulfill the contract. Should the company accept the special order? (Show your work.)arrow_forwardSelf-Construction Olson Machine Company manufactures small and large milling machines. Selling prices of these machines range from 35,000 to 200,000. During the 5-month period from August 1, 2019, through December 31, 2019, Olson manufactured a milling machine for its own use. This machine was built as part of the regular production activities. The project required a large amount of time front planning and supervisory personnel, as well as that of some of the companys officers, because it was a more sophisticated type of machine than the regular production models. Throughout the 5-month period, Olson charged all costs directly associated with the construction of the machine to a special account entitled Asset Construction Account. An analysis of the charges to this account as of December 31, 2019, follows: Olson allocates factory overhead to normal production as a percent of direct labor dollars as follows: Olson uses a flat rate of 40% of direct labor dollars to allocate general and administrative overhead. During the machine testing period, a cutter head malfunctioned and did extensive damage to the machine table and one cutter housing. This damage was not anticipated and was the result of an error in the assembly operation. Although no additional raw materials were needed to make the machine operational after the accident, the following labor for rework was required: Olson has included all these labor charges in the asset construction account. In addition, it included in the account the repairs and maintenance charges of 1,340 that it incurred as a result of the malfunction. Required: 1. Compute, consistent with GAAP and common practice, the amount that Olson should capitalize for the milling machine as of December 31, 2019, when it declares the machine operational. 2. Next Level Identify the costs you included in Requirement 1 for which there are acceptable alternative procedures. Describe the alternative procedure(s) in each case.arrow_forward
- Variety Artisans has a bottleneck in their production that occurs within the engraving department. Arjun Naipul, the COO, is considering hiring an extra worker, whose salary will be $45,000 per year, to solve the problem. With this extra worker, the company could produce and sell 3,500 more units per year. Currently, the selling price per unit is $18 and the cost per unit is $5.85. Using the information provided, calculate the annual financial impact of hiring the extra worker.arrow_forwardCost Identification and Analysis, Cost Assignment, Income Statement Melissa Vassar has decided to open a printing shop. She has secured two contracts. One is a 5-year contract to print a popular regional magazine. This contract calls for 5,000 copies each month. The second contract is a 3-year agreement to print tourist brochures for the state. The state tourist office requires 10,000 brochures per month. Melissa has rented a building for 1,400 per month. Her printing equipment was purchased for 40,000 and has a life expectancy of 20,000 hours with no salvage value. Depreciation is assigned to a period based on the hours of usage. Melissa has scheduled the delivery of the products so that two production runs are needed. In the first run, the equipment is prepared for the magazine printing. In the second run, the equipment is reconfigured for brochure printing. It takes twice as long to configure the equipment for the magazine setup as it does for the brochure setup. The total setup costs per month are 600. Insurance costs for the building and equipment are 140 per month. Power to operate the printing equipment is strongly related to machine usage. The printing equipment causes virtually all the power costs. Power costs will run 350 per month. Printing materials will cost 0.40 per copy for the magazine and 0.08 per copy for the brochure. Melissa will hire workers to run the presses as needed (part-time workers are easy to hire). She must pay 10 per hour. Each worker can produce 20 copies of the magazine per printing hour or 100 copies of the brochure. Distribution costs are 500 per month. Melissa will receive a salary of 1,500 per month. She is responsible for personnel, accounting, sales, and productionin effect, she is responsible for administering all aspects of the business. Required: 1. What are the total monthly manufacturing costs? 2. What are the total monthly prime costs? What are the total monthly prime costs for the regional magazine? For the brochure? 3. What are the total monthly conversion costs? Suppose Melissa wants to determine monthly conversion costs for each product. Assign monthly conversion costs to each product using direct tracing and driver tracing whenever possible. For those costs that cannot be assigned using a tracing approach, you may assign them using direct labor hours. 4. Melissa receives 1.80 per copy of the magazine and 0.45 per brochure. Prepare an income statement for the first month of operations.arrow_forwardArtisan Metalworks has a bottleneck in their production that occurs within the engraving department. Jamal Moore, the COO, is considering hiring an extra worker, whose salary will be $55,000 per year, to solve the problem. With this extra worker, the company could produce and sell 3,000 more units per year. Currently, the selling price per unit is $25 and the cost per unit is $7.85. Using the information provided, calculate the annual financial impact of hiring the extra worker.arrow_forward
- Cinnamon Depot bakes and sells cinnamon rolls for $1.75 each. The cost of producing 500,000 rolls in the prior year was: At the start of the current year, Cinnamon Depot received a special order for 18,000 rolls to be sold for $1.50 per roll. The company estimates it will incur an additional $1,000 in total fixed costs in order to lease a special machine that forms the rolls in the shape of a heart per the customers request. This order will not affect any of its other operations. Should the company accept the special order? (Show your work.)arrow_forwardAlard Manufacturing Company has a billing department staffed by four billing clerks. Each clerk is paid 32,000 per year and is able to process 8,000 bills. Last year, 27,360 bills were processed by the four agents. Calculate the unused capacity in terms of number of bills. a. 27,360 b. 4,640 c. 8,000 d. 32,000arrow_forwardCorazon Manufacturing Company has a purchasing department staffed by five purchasing agents. Each agent is paid 28,000 per year and is able to process 4,000 purchase orders. Last year, 17,800 purchase orders were processed by the five agents. Required: 1. Calculate the activity rate per purchase order. 2. Calculate, in terms of purchase orders, the: a. total activity availability b. unused capacity 3. Calculate the dollar cost of: a. total activity availability b. unused capacity 4. Express total activity availability in terms of activity capacity used and unused capacity. 5. What if one of the purchasing agents agreed to work half time for 14,000? How many purchase orders could be processed by four and a half purchasing agents? What would unused capacity be in purchase orders?arrow_forward
- St. Johns Medical Center (SJMC) has five medical technicians who are responsible for conducting cardiac catheterization testing in SJMCs Cath Lab. Each technician is paid a salary of 36,000 and is capable of conducting 1,000 procedures per year. The cardiac catheterization equipment is one year old and was purchased for 250,000. It is expected to last five years. The equipments capacity is 25,000 procedures over its life. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis, with no salvage value expected. The reading of the catheterization results is conducted by an outside physician whose fee is 120 per test. The technicians report with the outside physicians note of results is sent to the referring physician. In addition to the salaries and equipment, SJMC spends 50,000 for supplies and other costs needed to operate the equipment (assuming 5,000 procedures are conducted). When SJMC purchased the equipment, it fully expected to perform 5,000 procedures per year. In fact, during its first year of operation, 5,000 procedures were run. However, a larger hospital has established a clinic in the city and will siphon off some of SJMCs business. During the coming years, SJMC expects to run only 4,200 cath procedures yearly. SJMC has been charging 850 for the procedureenough to cover the direct costs of the procedure plus an assignment of general overhead (e.g., depreciation on the hospital building, lighting and heating, and janitorial services). At the beginning of the second year, an HMO from a neighboring community approached SJMC and offered to send its clients to SJMC for cardiac catheterization provided that the charge per procedure would be 550. The HMO estimates that it can provide about 500 patients per year. The HMO has indicated that the arrangement is temporaryfor one year only. The HMO expects to have its own testing capabilities within one year. Required: 1. Classify the resources associated with the cardiac catheterization activity into one of the following: (1) committed resources, or (2) flexible resources. 2. Calculate the activity rate for the cardiac catheterization activity. Break the activity rate into fixed and variable components. Now, classify each activity resource as relevant or irrelevant with respect to the following alternatives: (1) accept the HMO offer, or (2) reject the HMO offer. Explain your reasoning. 3. Assume that SJMC will accept the HMO offer if it reduces the hospitals operating costs. Should the HMO offer be accepted? 4. Jerold Bosserman, SJMCs hospital controller, argued against accepting the HMOs offer. Instead, he argued that the hospital should be increasing the charge per procedure rather than accepting business that doesnt even cover full costs. He also was concerned about local physician reaction if word got out that the HMO was receiving procedures for 550. Discuss the merits of Jerolds position. Include in your discussion an assessment of the price increase that would be needed if the objective is to maintain total revenues from cardiac catheterizations experienced in the first year of operation. 5. Chandra Denton, SJMCs administrator, has been informed that one of the Cath Lab technicians is leaving for an opportunity at a larger hospital. She met with the other technicians, and they agreed to increase their hours to pick up the slack so that SJMC wont need to hire another technician. By working a couple hours extra every week, each remaining technician can perform 1,050 procedures per year. They agreed to do this for an increase in salary of 2,000 per year. How does this outcome affect the analysis of the HMO offer? 6. Assuming that SJMC wants to bring in the same revenues earned in the cardiac catheterization activitys first year less the reduction in resource spending attributable to using only four technicians, how much must SJMC charge for a procedure?arrow_forwardOlin Company manufactures and distributes carpentry tools. Production of the tools is in the mature portion of the product life cycle. Olin has a sales force of 20. Salespeople are paid a commission of 7 percent of sales, plus expenses of 35 per day for days spent on the road away from home, plus 0.50 per mile. They deliver products in addition to making the sales, and each salesperson is required to own a truck suitable for making deliveries. For the coming quarter, Olin estimates the following: On average, a salesperson travels 6,000 miles per quarter and spends 38 days on the road. The fixed marketing and administrative expenses total 400,000 per quarter. Required: 1. Prepare an income statement for Olin Company for the next quarter. 2. Suppose that a large hardware chain, MegaHardware, Inc., wants Olin Company to produce its new SuperTool line. This would require Olin Company to sell 80 percent of total output to the chain. The tools will be imprinted with the SuperTool brand, requiring Olin to purchase new equipment, use somewhat different materials, and reconfigure the production line. Olins industrial engineers estimate that cost of goods sold for the SuperTool line would increase by 15 percent. No sales commission would be incurred, and MegaHardware would link Olin to its EDI system. This would require an annual cost of 100,000 on the part of Olin. MegaHardware would pay shipping. As a result, the sales force would shrink by 80 percent. Should Olin accept MegaHardwares offer? Support your answer with appropriate calculations.arrow_forwardJean and Tom Perritz own and manage Happy Home Helpers, Inc. (HHH), a house-cleaning service. Each cleaning (cleaning one house one time) takes a team of three house cleaners about 1.5 hours. On average, HHH completes about 15,000 cleanings per year. The following total costs are associated with the total cleanings: Next year, HHH expects to purchase 25,600 of direct materials. Projected beginning and ending inventories for direct materials are as follows: There is no work-in-process inventory; in other words, a cleaning is started and completed on the same day. Required: 1. Prepare a statement of services produced in good form. 2. What if HHH planned to purchase 30,000 of direct materials? Assume there would be no change in beginning and ending inventories of materials. Explain which line items on the statement of services produced would be affected and how (increase or decrease).arrow_forward
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