Cost Identification and Analysis, Cost Assignment, Income Statement
Melissa Vassar has decided to open a printing shop. She has secured two contracts. One is a 5-year contract to print a popular regional magazine. This contract calls for 5,000 copies each month. The second contract is a 3-year agreement to print tourist brochures for the state. The state tourist office requires 10,000 brochures per month.
Melissa has rented a building for $1,400 per month. Her printing equipment was purchased for $40,000 and has a life expectancy of 20,000 hours with no salvage value.
Insurance costs for the building and equipment are $140 per month. Power to operate the printing equipment is strongly related to machine usage. The printing equipment causes virtually all the power costs. Power costs will run $350 per month. Printing materials will cost $0.40 per copy for the magazine and $0.08 per copy for the brochure. Melissa will hire workers to run the presses as needed (part-time workers are easy to hire). She must pay $10 per hour. Each worker can produce 20 copies of the magazine per printing hour or 100 copies of the brochure. Distribution costs are $500 per month. Melissa will receive a salary of $1,500 per month. She is responsible for personnel, accounting, sales, and production—in effect, she is responsible for administering all aspects of the business.
Required:
- 1. What are the total monthly
manufacturing costs ? - 2. What are the total monthly prime costs? What are the total monthly prime costs for the regional magazine? For the brochure?
- 3. What are the total monthly conversion costs? Suppose Melissa wants to determine monthly conversion costs for each product. Assign monthly conversion costs to each product using direct tracing and driver tracing whenever possible. For those costs that cannot be assigned using a tracing approach, you may assign them using direct labor hours.
- 4. Melissa receives $1.80 per copy of the magazine and $0.45 per brochure. Prepare an income statement for the first month of operations.
1.
Calculate the amount of total monthly manufacturing costs.
Answer to Problem 60P
The total monthly manufacturing cost is $9,490.
Explanation of Solution
Manufacturing Costs:
Manufacturing costs can be defined as the total amount of costs incurred in producing a product. Manufacturing costs involve the cost of direct materials, cost of direct labor and manufacturing overheads.
The below table represents the total manufacturing cost:
Amount ($) | Amount ($) | |
Direct materials: | ||
Magazine | 2,000 | |
Brochure | 800 | 2,800 |
Direct labor: | ||
Magazine | 2,500 | |
Brochure | 1,000 | 3,500 |
Manufacturing overhead: | ||
Rent | 1,400 | |
Depreciation | 700 | |
Setups | 600 | |
Insurance | 140 | |
Power | 350 | 3,190 |
Cost of goods manufactured | 9,490 |
Table (1)
The total monthly manufacturing cost is $9,490.
Working Notes:
1.
Calculation of direct material-magazine:
Hence, the amount of direct material-magazine is $2,000.
2.
Calculation of direct material-brochure:
Hence, the amount of direct material-brochure is $800.
3.
Calculation of direct labor-magazine:
Hence, the amount of direct labor-magazine is $2,500.
4.
Calculation of direct labor-brochure:
Hence, the amount of direct labor- brochure is $1,000.
5.
Calculation of monthly machine hours:
Hence, the monthly machine hours are 350 hours.
6.
Calculation of depreciation:
Therefore, the amount of depreciation is $700.
2.
Calculate the amount of monthly prime costs, magazine’s and brochure’s monthly prime costs.
Answer to Problem 60P
The amount of monthly prime costs, magazine’s monthly prime costs, and brochure’s monthly prime costs are $6,300, $4,500 and $1,800 respectively.
Explanation of Solution
Use the following formula to compute the monthly total prime cost:
Substitute $2,800 for direct material and $3,500 for direct labor in the above formula.
Therefore, the amount of total monthly prime cost is $6,300.
Use the following formula to compute the monthly prime cost of the magazine:
Substitute $2,000 for direct material of magazine and $2,500 for direct labor of magazine in the above formula.
Therefore, the amount of total monthly prime cost of the magazine is $4,500.
Use the following formula to compute the monthly prime cost of the brochure:
Substitute $800 for direct material of brochure and $1,000 for direct labor of brochure in the above formula.
Therefore, the amount of total monthly prime cost of the brochure is $1,800.
3.
Calculate the amount of total monthly conversion cost. Also, assign the conversion costs to each product with the help of direct tracing and driver tracing.
Answer to Problem 60P
The amount of total monthly conversion cost is $6,690. And the total conversion costs of the magazine and brochure are $4,750 and $1,940 respectively.
Explanation of Solution
Use the following formula to compute the conversion cost:
Substitute $3,500 for direct labor and $3,190 for direct labor in the above formula.
Therefore, the amount of conversion cost is $6,690.
Following is the allocation of conversion costs to the product magazine:
Amount ($) | Amount ($) | |
Direct labor | 2,500 | |
Manufacturing overheads: | ||
Power | 250 | |
Depreciation | 500 | |
Setups | 400 | |
Rent and insurance | 1,100 | 2,250 |
Total | 4,750 |
Table (2)
Therefore, the total conversion cost of the magazine is $4,750.
Following is the allocation of conversion costs to the product brochure:
Amount ($) | Amount ($) | |
Direct labor | 1,000 | |
Manufacturing overheads: | ||
Power | 100 | |
Depreciation | 200 | |
Setups | 200 | |
Rent and insurance | 440 | 940 |
Total | 1,940 |
Table (3)
Therefore, the total conversion cost of the brochure is $1,940.
Working Notes:
1.
Calculation of monthly machine hours:
Hence, the monthly machine hours are 350 hours.
2.
Calculation of the amount of power for the magazine:
Hence, the amount of power for the magazine is $250.
3.
Calculation of depreciation for magazine:
Hence, the amount of depreciation is $500.
4.
Calculation of setup time for magazine and brochure:
The magazine takes twice as long to configure the brochure. Let the setup time for brochure be a. Therefore, the equation is given below:
Hence, the setup time for the magazine is 1/3 and the setup time for the brochure is 2/3
5.
Calculation of setup amount for the magazine:
Hence, the amount of setup for the magazine is $400.
6.
Calculation of the amount of rent and insurance for the magazine:
Hence, the amount of rent and insurance for the magazine is $1,100.
7.
Calculation of the amount of power for the brochure:
Hence, the amount of power for the brochure is $100.
8.
Calculation of depreciation for brochure:
Hence, the amount of depreciation is $200.
9.
Calculation of setup amount for brochure:
Hence, the amount of setup for the brochure is $200.
10.
Calculation of the amount of rent and insurance for brochure:
Hence, the amount of rent and insurance for the brochure is $440.
4.
Prepare an income statement for the first month of operations.
Explanation of Solution
Income Statement:
The statement that shows revenue and expenses incurred over a period of time (usually one year) is called income statement. It is used for external financial reporting as it helps the outsiders and investors in evaluating the firm’s financial health.
Following is the income statement of M:
Company M | ||
Income Statement | ||
For First Month | ||
Amount ($) | Amount ($) | |
Sales revenue | 13,500 | |
Cost of goods sold | 9,490 | |
Gross margin | 4,010 | |
Less: Operating expense | ||
Selling expense | 500 | |
Administrative expense | 1,500 | 2,000 |
Net Income | 2,010 |
Table (4)
Therefore, the amount of net income is $2,010.
Since the beginning and ending finished goods inventories are zero, the amount of cost of goods manufactured is equal to the cost of goods sold. Also, distribution cost is considered as selling expense, and a salary of $1,500 is considered as an administrative expense.
Working Notes:
Calculation of sales revenue:
Hence, the amount of sales revenue is $13,500.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decision-Making
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- Jean and Tom Perritz own and manage Happy Home Helpers. Inc. (HHH), a house-cleaning service. Each cleaning (cleaning one house one time) takes a team of three house cleaners about 1.5 hours. On average, HHH completes about 15,000 cleanings per year. The following total costs are associated with the total cleanings: Next year, HHH expects to purchase 25,600 of direct materials. Projected beginning and ending inventories for direct materials are as follows: There is no work-in-process inventory and no finished goods inventory; in other words, a cleaning is started and completed on the same day. Required: 1. Prepare a statement of cost of services sold in good form. 2. How does this cost of services sold statement differ from the cost of goods sold statement for a manufacturing firm?arrow_forwardJean and Tom Perritz own and manage Happy Home Helpers, Inc. (HHH), a house-cleaning service. Each cleaning (cleaning one house one time) takes a team of three house cleaners about 1.5 hours. On average, HHH completes about 15,000 cleanings per year. The following total costs are associated with the total cleanings: Next year, HHH expects to purchase 25,600 of direct materials. Projected beginning and ending inventories for direct materials are as follows: There is no work-in-process inventory; in other words, a cleaning is started and completed on the same day. Required: 1. Prepare a statement of services produced in good form. 2. What if HHH planned to purchase 30,000 of direct materials? Assume there would be no change in beginning and ending inventories of materials. Explain which line items on the statement of services produced would be affected and how (increase or decrease).arrow_forwardJean and Tom Perritz own and manage Happy Home Helpers, Inc. (HHH), a house-cleaning service. Each cleaning (cleaning one house one time) takes a team of three house cleaners about 1.5 hours. On average, HHH completes about 15,000 cleanings per year. The following total costs are associated with the total cleanings: Next year, HHH expects to purchase 25,600 of direct materials. Projected beginning and ending inventories for direct materials are as follows: There is no work-in-process inventory and no finished goods inventory; in other words, a cleaning is started and completed on the same day. HHH expects to sell 15,000 cleanings at a price of 45 each next year. Total selling expense is projected at 22,000, and total administrative expense is projected at 53,000. Required: 1. Prepare an income statement in good form. 2. What if Jean and Tom increased the price to 50 per cleaning and no other information was affected? Explain which line items in the income statement would be affected and how.arrow_forward
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