Contemporary Labor Economics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259290602
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, David Macpherson
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 4QS
To determine
The outcome of income tax cut and its impact on income effect and substitution effect.
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Illustrate (using a labor-leisure choice diagram) how a firm may induce a typical employee to lengthen his work week voluntarily by paying him premium wage rates for overtime hours.
Suppose that the owner of Boyer Construction is feeling the pinch of incrs associated with worker’s compensation and has decided to cut the wages of its two employees (Albert and Sid) from $25 per hour to $22 per hour. Assume that Albert and Sid view income and leisure as “goods,” that both experience a diminishing rate of marginal substitution between income and leisure, and that the workers have the same before- and after-tax budget constraints at each wage. Draw each worker’s opportunity set for each hourly wage. At the wage of $25 per hour, both Albert and Sid are observed to consume 12 hours of leisure (and, equivalently, supply 12 hours of labor). After wages were cut to $22, Albert consumes 10 hours of leisure and Sid consumes 14 hours of leisure. Determine the number of hours of labor each worker supplies at a wage of $22 per hour. How can you explain the seemingly contradictory result that the workers supply a different number of labor hours? (LO2, LO3, LO7)
Workers in countries such as Sweden and Germany work fewer hours per week, on average, than do workers in the United States. Does this mean that Swedes and Germans are lazier than Americans? Explain how laziness could be interpreted in the context of the work-leisure choice model developed in this chapter. What other information might you want to gather to determine whether Swedes or Germans were indeed less work oriented that Americans?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Contemporary Labor Economics
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- Suppose the wage you are being paid per hour doubles form $15 to $30. Would you decide to work more hours or fewer hours ? Is there an income and substitution effect involved in your decision about how many hours you choose to work? If so, what is being substituted for what?arrow_forwardDefine the income-leisure trade-off that makes up the labor supply functionand the intuition for the upward sloping labor supply curve. What two effectsare involved in this trade-off? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain in detail Discuss the possible substitution effect and the income effect of an increase in income on leisure time.arrow_forward
- Aa1) For a non-participant in the labour market, an increase in non-labour income: a) will have an unknown effect because the income and substitution effects oppose one another b) will increase the reservation wage and leave the individual as a non-participant c) will have a large leisure inducing substitution effect d) will reduce hours worked because it is a pure income effect e) will reduce the reservation wage and (depending how big the reduction is) may coax the individual into the labour marketarrow_forwardWhat happens to hours of work when the wage rate falls? Decompose the change in hours of work into income and substitution effects.arrow_forwardSuppose that the owner of Boyer Construction is feeling the pinch of increased premiums associated with worker’s compensation and has decided to cut the wages of its two employees (Albert and Sid) from $25 per hour to $22 per hour. Assume that Albert and Sid view income and leisure as “goods,” that both experience a diminishing rate of marginal substitution between income and leisure, and that the workers have the same before- and after-tax budget constraints at each wage. Draw each worker’s opportunity set for each hourly wage. At the wage of $25 per hour, both Albert and Sid are observed to consume 12 hours of leisure (and, equivalently, supply 12 hours of labor). After wages were cut to $22, Albert consumes 10 hours of leisure and Sid consumes 14 hours of leisure. Determine the number of hours of labor each worker supplies at a wage of $22 per hour. How can you explain the seemingly contradictory result that the workers supply a different number of labor hours? (LO2, LO3, LO7)arrow_forward
- assume the following labor supply curves: 1. N = C + .64 W -2.33 I + 0.08 K 2. N = C + 1.33 W - .59 I - .28 K 3. N = C - 1.11 W - .59I - .28K a. Determine whether leisure is inferior in the 2nd labor supply curve. b. which if any of the above three equations represent back-bending labor supply curves? justify your answer. c. which if any of the above three labor supply curves is inconsistent with theory? justify your answer.arrow_forwardSuppose that the owner of Boyer Construction is feeling the pinch of increased premiums associated with worker’s compensation and has decided to cut the wages of its two employees (Albert and Sid) from $25 per hour to $22 per hour. Assume that Albert and Sid view income and leisure as “goods,” that both experience a diminishing rate of marginal substitution between income and leisure, and that the workers have the same before- and after-tax budget constraints at each wage. Draw each worker’s opportunity set for each hourly wage. At the wage of $25 per hour, both Albert and Sid are observed to consume 12 hours of leisure (and, equivalently, supply 12 hours of labor). After wages were cut to $22, Albert consumes 10 hours of leisure and Sid consumes 14 hours of leisure. Determine the number of hours of labor each worker supplies at a wage of $22 per hour. How can you explain the seemingly contradictory result that the workers supply a different number of labor hours?arrow_forwardSuppose that the owner of Boyer Construction is feeling the pinch of increased premiums associated with workers’ compensation and has decided to cut the wages of its two employees (Albert and Sid) from $23 per hour to $20 per hour. Assume that Albert and Sid view income and leisure as “goods,” that both experience a diminishing rate of marginal substitution between income and leisure, and that the workers have the same before- and after-tax budget constraints at each wage. Albert and Sid's opportunity set is presented below: "The horizontal axis labeled leisure hours ranges from 0 to 30 in increments of 5. The vertical axis is labeled income. A line begins at point A on the vertical axis goes down to the right and ends at the point (25, 0)." What is the value of A when the wage is $23? (Assume a 24-hour work day.) What is the value of A when the wage is $20? (Assume a 24-hour work day.) At the wage of $23 per hour, both Albert and Sid are observed to consume 13 hours of…arrow_forward
- Consider an individual who had been planning to retire in five years. Unfortunately, they've just been laid off and the highest-paying job they've been able to find pays a lower hourly wage than did their previous job. a) Using the concepts of the income and/or substitution effect, describe why we might expect this individual to retire earlier than they originally planned. b) Using the concepts of the income and/or substitution effect, describe why we might expect this individual to retire later than they originally plannedarrow_forwardWhat is two factors that may influence the shape of individuals’ indifference curves (flat or steep) which reflect their preferences for work or leisure? What is the difference between income effect and substitution effect under the basic work-leisure decision model?arrow_forwardASAP pls Discuss the possible substitution effect and the income effect of an increase in income on leisure time..arrow_forward
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