Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 4TYU
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question 1: Identify the four most abundant elements in the body. question 2: Explain the relationship between an atom’s number of electrons and its relative stability.
Question 3: Briefly identify a few characteristic points about the following bonds: Ionic bonds, Covalent bonds, and Hydrogen bonds.
Question 4: Explain how energy is invested, stored, and released via chemical reactions?
Question 5: Compare and contrast the difference between Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic acids?
1. How would you scientifically define the three things that emerge in a chemical reaction?
2. Research evidence showed that microbial species and bacteria could be found in bottled water. In detail, explain the how and why and dangers.
3. Why did it take 380,000 years for the universe to cool enough to slow down the electrons so that the nuclei could capture them to form the first atoms?
4. Explain who discovered organic compounds and why carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are the basis for the molecules of life.
11H and 13H have (a) different chemical properties because they have different atomic numbers (b) the same chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons (c) different chemical properties because they differ in their number of protons and electrons (d) the samechemical properties because they have the same atomic mass (e) the same chemical properties because they have the same number of protons, electrons, and neutrons
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 2.1 - Compare the physical properties (mass and charge)...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 2.1 - What is a radioisotope? What are some ways...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 2.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 2.2 - What enables a radioisotope to substitute for an...
Ch. 2.2 - Which kind of chemical formula provides the most...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 2.3 - Distinguish among covalent bonds, ionic bonds,...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 2.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 2.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 2.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 2.4 - In what form is energy transferred in a redox...Ch. 2.5 - Explain how hydrogen bonds between adjacent water...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 2.5 - What are some properties of water that result from...Ch. 2.5 - How can weak forces, such as hydrogen bonds, have...Ch. 2.6 - Contrast acids and bases, and discuss their...Ch. 2.6 - Convert the hydrogen ion concentration (moles per...Ch. 2.6 - Describe the composition of a salt and explain the...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 2.6 - Prob. 3CCh. 2.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. 11H...Ch. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5. The...Ch. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6....Ch. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 7. In...Ch. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8....Ch. 2 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 2 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11....Ch. 2 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 2 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 14....Ch. 2 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 2 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...
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- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5. The orbitals composing an atoms valence electron shell (a) are arranged as concentric spheres (b) contain the atoms least energetic electrons (c) may change shape when covalent bonds are formed (d) never contain more than one electron each (e) more than one of the preceding is correctarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6. Which of the following bonds and properties are correctly matched? (a) ionic bonds; are strong only if the participating ions are hydrated (b) hydrogen bonds; are responsible for bonding oxygen and hydrogen to form a single water molecule (c) polar covalent bonds; can occur between two atoms of the same element (d) covalent bonds; may be single, double, or triple (e) hydrogen bonds; are stronger than covalent bondsarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Which of the following elements is mismatched with its properties or function? (a) carbonforms the backbone of organic compounds (b) nitrogencomponent of proteins (c) hydrogenvery electronegative (d) oxygencan participate in hydrogen bonding (e) all of the above are correctly matchedarrow_forward
- Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ptable) to view the periodic table. In the periodic table of the elements, elements in a single column have the same number of electrons that can participate in a chemical reaction. These electrons are known as valence electrons. For example, the elements in the first column all have a single valence electron—an electron that can be donated in a chemical reaction with another atom. What is the meaning of a mass number shown in parentheses?arrow_forwardA. The first shell corresponds to the first energy level, and it can hold up to 2 electrons. Hydrogen has one proton, so it has 1 electron and one vacancy. A helium atom has 2 protons, 2 electrons, and no vacancies. B. The second shell corresponds to the second energy level, and it can hold up to 8 electrons. Carbon has 6 electrons, so its first shell is full. Its second shell has 4 electrons and four vacancies. Oxygen has 8 electrons and two vacancies. Neon has 10 electrons and no vacancies. C. The third shell corresponds to the third energy level, and it can hold up to 8 electrons. A sodium atom has 11 electrons, so its first two shells are full; the third shell has one electron. Thus, sodium has seven vacancies. Chlorine has 17 electrons and one vacancy. Argon has 18 electrons and no vacancies. Figure It Out: Which of these models have unpaired electrons in their outer shell?arrow_forwardPotassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration? shells 1 and 2 are full, and shell 3 has nine electrons shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has three electrons shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and no other electrons are presentarrow_forward
- Alchemists were the forerunners of modern-day chemists. Many of these medieval scholars and philosophers spent their lives trying to transform lead (atomic number 82) into gold (atomic number 79). Explain why they never succeeded.arrow_forwardEVOLUTION CONNECTION The percentages of naturallyoccurring elements making up the human body (see Table 2.1)are similar to the percentages of these elements found in otherorganisms. How could you account for this similarity amongorganisms?arrow_forward1.Match the following terms with their correct definitions: matter, atom, molecule, element, and compound. A) The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of their specific type of matter: _______ B) A substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance: _________ C) Anything that occupies space and takes up mass: _________ D) Substances with two or more elements in a fixed ratio: _________ E) Atoms that are bonded to one another covalently: _________ 2.Where can you find all of the elements listed by their atomic number? 3.List the elements make up the majority of a human body. 4.Is H2O an element? If not, explain your answer. 5.Neapolitan ice cream is vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry combined in a 1:1:1 ratio. Briefly explain how Neapolitan ice cream is a good analogy that helps students understand the relationship between compounds and elements. 6.An atom comprises what three subatomic particles? A) B) C) 7.Match the following terms to the proper…arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are correct? Explain your answers.A. An atomic nucleus contains protons and neutrons.B. An atom has more electrons than protons.C. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane.D. All atoms of the same element have the same number of neutrons.E. The number of neutrons determines whether the nucleus of an atom is stable or radioactive.F. Both fatty acids and polysaccharides can be important energy stores in the cell.G. Hydrogen bonds are weak and can be broken by thermal energy, yet they contribute significantly to the specificity of interactions between macromolecules.arrow_forwardOxygen (O) is a(n) _______; the oxygen we breathe (O2) is a(n) _______; and the carbon dioxide we exhale is a(n) _______. a. compound; molecule; element b. atom; compound; element c. element; atom; molecule d. atom; element; molecule e. element; molecule; compoundarrow_forwardwater is the answer but can you explain why it is? In Miller’s original experiments on chemical evolution, which of the following molecules (gases) is thought to have been important in the formation of the Earth’s earliest atmosphere and eventually as the universal solvent in the prebiotic oceans?arrow_forward
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