EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260041255
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: MCGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY
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Chapter 20, Problem 11P

Two different protein complexes called SCF and APC covalently add a small polypeptide called ubiquitin to cyclin proteins. The addition of ubiquitin to a protein targets that protein to be degraded by another protein complex called the proteasome. The SCF complex is activated during S phase, and the APC complex is activated during M phase.

a. To which cyclins (A, B, D, or E in Fig. 20.14) do you think SCF couples ubiquitin? What about the APC?
b. How might cells activate SCF and APC only at the correct times?
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Students have asked these similar questions
The destruction of the various cyclins is commonly used to inactivate the Cdk/cyclin complexes. Why is it advantageous to inactivate these complexes via protein destruction instead of some other method that does not require the re-synthesis of a cyclin protein the next time the cell divides?
Rather surprisingly, some cellular components that we know best from our study of nuclear protein traffic also appear to be involved in the process of spindle assembly. These include Ran GEF (which, as you may recall, is bound to chromatin – an association that apparently continues even when the nuclear envelope breaks down at the onset of mitosis) and importin-β. Now think back to the process of nuclear protein import. To which form of Ran (Ran-GDP or Ran-GTP) does importin-β bind and what is the significance of that interaction with respect to the efficiency of delivery of import “cargo” to the nucleus? To which form of Ran (Ran-GDP or Ran-GTP) do exportins bind and what is the significance of that interaction with respect to the efficiency of delivery of export “cargo” to the cytoplasm?
After a cell "clears" the G₁ restriction checkpoint, it can proceed into S phase. This S phase entry is achieved by a cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk2) and its cyclin (Cyclin E), but additionally requires the action of a protein kinase (CDC2) as well as a phosphatase (CDC25) enzyme. Explain how these 4 proteins work together to orchestrate S phase entry.

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EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES

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