EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260041255
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: MCGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY
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Chapter 20, Problem 24P
The text explained that retroviruses can cause cancer. Some viruses with DNA genomes can also cause cancer. For example, herpes papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. The HPV genome encodes a protein called E6 that interferes with p53 function, and another protein called E7 that inhibits the function of Rb protein. Explain how HPV causes cancer. Are the viral E6 and E7 protein functions more similar to oncogenes or tumor suppressors?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 20 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 20 - Characterize the differences between tumor cells...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of...Ch. 20 - You have decided to study genetic factors...Ch. 20 - B cells are specialized blood cells that secrete...Ch. 20 - Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the...Ch. 20 - Put the following steps in the correct ordered...Ch. 20 - a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stop...
Ch. 20 - Two different protein complexes called SCF and APC...Ch. 20 - One of the hallmarks of mitotic anaphase is the...Ch. 20 - Concerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis of...Ch. 20 - Are genome and karyotype instabilities...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Why dont all loss-of-function mutations that are...Ch. 20 - Chromothripsis is a rare phenomenon, first...Ch. 20 - The chromosome 9/22 translocation associated with...Ch. 20 - A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - A generic signaling cascade is shown in the...Ch. 20 - Neurofibromatosis type 1 NF1; also known as von...Ch. 20 - Families with germ-line BRCA1 or BRCA2...Ch. 20 - The text explained that retroviruses can cause...Ch. 20 - Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent form...Ch. 20 - Suppose that instead of microarrays, you analyzed...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is the most common and...Ch. 20 - a. The legend to Fig. 20.29 identifies which of...Ch. 20 - The website CBioPortal http://www.cbioportal.org...
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- Figure 10.14 Human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. The virus encodes E6, a protein that binds p53. Based on this fact and what you know about p53, what effect do you think E6 binding has on p53 activity? E6 activates p53 E6 inactivates p53 E6 mutates p53 E6 binding marks p53 for degradationarrow_forwardGiven that BOVID-12 seems to have a significant affect on brain organoid size you decide to take iPSCs and differentiate them into neurons. The iPSCs mature into early neural progenitor cells (Early NPCs), then late neural progenitor cells (Late NPCs), and then neurons. You take each of these four cell types and infect them with the BOVID-12 virus. The results are shown below: Early NPCs Late NPCs Cell viability relative to mock infection iPSCs → IPS cells Neurons Late NPCs 120% 100%- 80%- 60%- 40%- 20%- 0%- 0.1 1 Amount of virus Which cell type(s) are unaffected by the virus? Both Early and Late NPCs wwwwwww.. iPSCs and Neurons Early NPCs Neurons 10arrow_forwardHuman Papillomaviruses has of many strains. Some of them cause warts while others can cause cancer. The question is why some strains cause cancer and others cause relatively harmless warts. Please mention the status of the viral genome (or parts of it), such as integrated or free, and the action of the viral oncogenes in terms of promoting cell division (when it would normally be controlled). And what proteins do the products of the viral oncogenes target? And also what is their normal function?arrow_forward
- A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after two separate Pap smears have shown dysplastic epithelial cells. Results of a molecular diagnostic test show DNA that encodes high-risk versions of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. The viral E6 protein binds to the cellular p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing it to be degraded. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the E6 protein causes cervical cancer? (A) Arrests the cell cycle (B) Enhances tissue invasion and metastasis (C) Inhibits telomerase expression (D) Prevents apoptosis (E) Sustains angiogenesisarrow_forwardThe Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. The HPV E6 and E7 proteins govern the cell via altering cellular proteins. The E6 protein interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 and directs its ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Can you elaborate about the P63 gene: its function and if it can be altered/mutated by HPV? If it does, what is the relationship between P53 and P63? Thank you!arrow_forwardOne example of a DNA virus (a virus that uses DNA, not RNA, as its genetic material) that causes tumors is human papillomavirus (HPV). Do some research and explain how HPV inactivates the RB protein and indicate with which type(s) of cancer it is associated. Don’t forget to cite your sources.arrow_forward
- can you please help me out with this ? Mutations in the IL2RG gene cause approximately 30 percent of severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID) cases in humans. These mutations result in alterations to a protein component of cytokine receptors that are essential for proper development of the immune system. The IL2RG gene is composed of eight exons and contains upstream and downstream sequences that are necessary for proper transcription and translation. Below are some of the mutations observed. For each, explain its likely influence on the IL2RG gene product (assume its length to be 375 amino acids). Nonsense mutation in a coding region Insertion in Exon 1, causing frameshift Insertion in Exon 7, causing frameshift Missense mutation Deletion in Exon 2, causing frameshift Deletion in Exon 2, in frame (g) Large deletion covering Exons 2 and 3arrow_forwardOne of the ways that we know what the RB protein does in cells is that its inactivation is a common priority of tumor-initiating viruses. What advantage would a virus gain by inactivating RB function in its host cell?arrow_forwardCancer is a genetic disease. To provide evidence that you understand cancer genes are altered in both sporadic (somatic) and inherited cancers, match the beginning and end of the sentences below to give correct statements.arrow_forward
- This table lists three hypothetical versions of the spike protein gene in the coronavirus. The B version is the original version in bats; the H and N versions have mutations. The last two columns show the characteristics of the spike protein for each version of the spike protein gene. Version of the Spike Protein Gene B H N H ΟΝ O B B and N OH and B Spike protein can bind to molecules on the surface of ON and H Bat Cells Yes Which version of the spike protein gene will result in a spike protein that will allows a coronavirus to enter a human cell to reproduced by the cell? No No Human Cells No Yes Noarrow_forwardGive typed full explanationarrow_forwardThe p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while p634 gene is an oncogene. Mutation in either one can result in the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Explain the difference between the functions of the two proteins and how their mutation can lead to cancer development.arrow_forward
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