Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
There are three types of phylogenetic groups such as a monophyletic group, paraphyletic group, and polyphyletic group. A monophyletic group consists of an “ancestral species” and contains all of its descendants. A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestral species, however, contains only some of its descendants, but not all. A polyphyletic group contains distantly related species, but not a recent common ancestor.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A taxonomic group that contains species that have similar phenotypes due to convergent evolution is
a. paraphyletic.
b. monophyletic.
c. polyphyletic.
d. a good cladistic group.
Paraphyletic groups...
A. represent the most recent common ancestor and all of the descendants
B. Are a potential consequence of secondary loss of a trait
C. Are often created when attempting to build phylogenies for species that have undergone convergent evolution
D. Are more likely when making trees using the biological species concept
A paraphyletic group includes
a. an ancestor and all of its descendants.
b. an ancestor and some of its descendants.
c. descendants of more than one common ancestor.
d. All of the choices are correct.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Which levels of the classification in Figure 20.3...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the trees shown here depicts an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 20.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.3 - The most parsimonious tree of evolutionary...Ch. 20.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 20.4 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 20.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Concept 14.5. Then...
Ch. 20.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose a molecular clock dates the...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 20 - To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 20 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, asdo extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of speciesT, X, Y, and Z (but not U or V) makes up(A) a monophyletic taxon.(B) an ingroup, with species U as the outgroup.(C) a paraphyletic group.(D) a polyphyletic group.arrow_forwardPeople studying fossils have to employ which of the following species concepts? a. The Morphospecies Concept b. The Biological Species Concept c. The Phylogenetic Species Concept d. The Physical Species Conceptarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.arrow_forward
- In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more closely related to each other than they are to a species outside the group. b. evolutionary reversal is common. c. polyphyly also usually occurs. d. some species are more closely related to species outside the group than they are to some species within the group.arrow_forwardA- species A and B are considered sister taxa B- A trait unique to species G is best described as a plesiomoephy among all taxa C- A trait unique to species K and L is best described as an apomorphy among all taxa D- A trait in common between species E, F, and G would make them a monophyletic grouparrow_forwardTo apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.arrow_forward
- In order to determine polarity for different states of a character a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question. b. genetic sequence data must be available. c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected. d. an outgroup must be identified.arrow_forwardBased on cladistic analysis: a. paraphyletic and monophyletic groups are equally valid. b. a shared derived trait that unites birds is feathers. c. it is generally easier to identify the later as compared to the earlier members of a natural group. d. Two of the above are correct. e. None of the above is correct.arrow_forwardA clade is_____ . a. defined by a derived character c. a hypothesis b. a monophyletic group d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- A phylogenetic tree is different from a cladogram in that ... Group of answer choices A: it shows that all species are not related to a common ancestor, but each has a distinct archetype. B: it represents the time scale of evolution, including where extinct species fit in. C: it uses an outgroup to compare a small group of species that exhibit similar traits D: it is not based on genetic or morphological evidence.arrow_forwardQ1: It is a group descending from one common ancestor A. Monophyletic B. Polyphyletic C. Periphyletic D. Paraphyletic Q2: It is a group descending from more than one ancestors A. Monophyletic B. Periphyletic C. Paraphyletic D. Polyphyletic Q3: Which of the following characters is not homologous to a bird’s wings? A. A human’s limbs B. A butterfly’s wings C. A bat’s wings D. A whale’s flippersarrow_forwardWhat is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asaparrow_forward
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