Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.5, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To draw:
The three possible dichotomously branching trees showing evolutionary relationships for the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Also to discuss whether when two of these trees have been supported by genetic data, would it be likely that the third tree might also receive such support.
Introduction:
The phylogenetic tree is also known as the evolutionary tree. It is a branched diagram for evolutionary relationships among species based on their genetic and physical characteristics.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Which levels of the classification in Figure 20.3...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the trees shown here depicts an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 20.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.3 - The most parsimonious tree of evolutionary...Ch. 20.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 20.4 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 20.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Concept 14.5. Then...
Ch. 20.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose a molecular clock dates the...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 20 - To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 20 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- WHAT IF? Suppose gene A is orthologous in species 1and species 2, and gene B is paralogous to gene A inspecies 1. Suggest a sequence of two evolutionary eventsthat could result in the following: Gene A differs considerably between species, yet gene A and gene B show littledivergence from each other.arrow_forward2. Which two species would likely share the greatest similarity in the amino acid sequences of a common protein?arrow_forwardWHAT IF? There are three times as many Alu elementsin the human genome as in the chimpanzee genome.How do you think these extra Alu elements arose in thehuman genome? Propose a role they might have playedin the divergence of these two species.arrow_forward
- Q13. Genomes sizes among related eukaryotes vary much more widely than genome sizes among related bacteria. How is this difference in variability best explained? A. Evolutionary processes (e.g. natural selection) exert less constraint on genome size in eukaryotes than in bacteria. B. Genome size is proportional to energy production - cells that make more ATP have more DNA. C. Eukaryotes have a much wider range of chromosome number than bacteria. D. Organisms with greater morphological complexity have larger genomes.arrow_forwardUsing examples, explain how biology can be studied from a microscopic approach to a global approach.arrow_forwardWhich of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level? organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population organ, organism, tissue, organelle, molecule organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organismarrow_forward
- 1) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of chloroplasts, photosynthetic prokaryotic cells________? 2) The tremendous increase in the diversity of animals beginning about 542 million years ago is called the______? 3) Two completely unrelated species that are found in the same environment are observed to have the same adaptation. This observation describes_________?arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS The bacterium Wolbachia is asymbiont that lives in mosquito cells and spreads rapidlythrough mosquito populations. Wolbachia can make mosquitoes resistant to infection by Plasmodium; researchersare seeking a strain that confers resistance and does notharm mosquitoes. Compare evolutionary changes thatcould occur if malaria control is attempted using such aWolbachia strain versus using insecticides to kill mosquitoes. (Review Figure 28.16 and Concept 23.4.)arrow_forwardImagine that you are a systematist studying a group of little- known flowering plants. You discover that the phylogenetic tree based on flower morphology differs dramatically from the phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences. How would you try to resolve the discrepancy? Which tree would you believe is more accurate?arrow_forward
- Genetic diversity 1. Why do multicellular organisms have two copies (alleles) of any given gene? 2. What genotype(s) will result in a dominant phenotype, and why? 3. What genotypes(s) will result in a recessive phenotype, and why? 4. What do mean by the “gene pool” of a population? And why is this such an important concept inunderstanding how evolution works on small scales?5. If p = 0.75, what does q equal? And how do you know this? 6. What does it mean to say that a population has been become “fixed” for a particular trait? Whatvalues for p or q tell us that fixation has occurred? 7. Ultimately, why are we concerned about the loss of genetic diversity (i.e., fixation)? 8. Contrast natural selection with genetic drift. Which one is always adaptive? Explain your answer. 9. What’s the bottleneck effect? Describe some examples of organisms that have experienced this &what caused it to occur. 10. How can gene flow help to restore variation that may have been lost through bottleneck…arrow_forwardDesign an Experiment Imagine that you are trying to determine the evolutionary relationships among six groups of animals that look very much alike because they have few measurable morphological characters. What data would you collect to reconstruct their phylogenetic history?arrow_forward
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