Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Body pattern determines the positioning and orientation of different features of the body. Different morphological structures and their spatial orientation are determined by homeotic genes. The spatial order of expression of homeotic genes in the embryo of Drosophila is correlated with the order of homeotic genes in the organism.
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Developmental genes are often highly conserved. However, organisms with very similar genes can appear quite different. How is this possible?
A. The genes may usually undergo mutation during development, resulting in the production of varied proteins in individual cells.
B. If an identical gene is turned on at different stages in development, it can have very different effects.
C. Even if genes are quite similar, they always produce proteins with different functions.
D. If the genes are very similar, they must always be expressed similarly (at similar times in development) but may sometimes still have varying effects.
A drug causes the degradation of Cactus protein. What would be the effect of administering this drug to developing Drosophila embryos?
The toolkit genes generally regulate_____ [A]_____ in order to direct development. Other developmental decisions are regulated _____[B]_____, as we saw in sex determination in flies. *Hint: these are steps in the Central Dogma?
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 20.1 - 20.1 General Themes in Development Concept Check:...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation Core...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...
Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.4 - Development in Plants Concept Check: Where are...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20 - The process whereby a cells morphology and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Positional information is important in determining...Ch. 20 - Morphogens are a. molecules that disrupt normal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - Arrange the following phases of pattern formation...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYCh. 20 - Which of the following genes do not play a role in...Ch. 20 - An embryonic stem cell that can give rise to any...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYCh. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - The MyoD gene in mammals plays a role in muscle...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 1COQCh. 20 - Is it possible for a phenotypically normal female...
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- Concept test: Please discuss thoroughly. The easily observed external structures in insects, such as different pairs of legs, antennae, and wings form from imaginal discs. a.) How is the identity of the different Drosophila imaginal discs established in the embryo—for example, how is it determined whether a disc will form a wing, a leg, or some other structure? b.) Dominant mutants in the gene Antennapedia result in fore legs forming in the location where antennae are expected. How does this mutant phenotype illustrate your response to Part a?arrow_forwardMost organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn. a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm? b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?arrow_forwardName three possible factors contributing to early asymmetries in a developing embryo (i.e. what are the kinds of things early on that lead to the development of the body axes - dn, a/p, l/r, etc)? In the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the anterior-to-posterior body axis becomes segmented into distinct regions. explain the role of the genes bicoid and nanos in this process.arrow_forward
- Homeotic genes(A) encode transcription factors that control the expression ofgenes responsible for specific anatomical structures.(B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.(C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.(D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.arrow_forwardExplain hoxA3 and HoxD3 genes are nearly equivalent yet they play distinct roles in the development of mouse.arrow_forwarda. The eyeless gene is required for eye formation in Drosophila. It encodes a homeodomain. What would you predict about the biochemical function of the Eyeless protein?b. Where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? How would you test your prediction? c. The Small eye and Aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly Eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. Devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.arrow_forward
- Absence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads to theabsence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-imageduplication of posterior parts. This is evidence that the productof the bicoid gene(A) normally leads to formation of head structures.(B) normally leads to formation of tail structures.(C) is transcribed in the early embryo.(D) is a protein present in all head structures.arrow_forwardDescribe the expression pattern of the Drosophila geneeve in the early embryo.arrow_forwardExplain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast how maternal-effect genes, gap genes, and homeotic genes affect Drosophila development.arrow_forwardThe easily observed external structures in insects, such as different pairs of legs, antennae, and wings form from imaginal discs. a.) How is the identity of the different Drosophila imaginal discs established in the embryo—for example, how is it determined whether a disc will form a wing, a leg, or some other structure? b.) Dominant mutants in the gene Antennapedia result in fore legs forming in the location where antennae are expected. How does this mutant phenotype illustrate your response to Part a?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement(s) is/are true with regard to positional information in Drosophila? A. Morphogens are a type of molecule that conveys positional information. B. Morphogenetic gradients are established only in the oocyte, prior to fertilization. C. Cell adhesion molecules also provide a way for a cell to obtain positional information.arrow_forward
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