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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The validation of the given pairing of the enzyme classification terminology has to be stated.
Concept introduction: There are six main classes of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases. The six main classes are then further divided into subclasses, like carboxylase, hydratase, lipase.
(b)
Interpretation: The validation of the given pairing of the enzyme classification terminology has to be stated.
Concept introduction: There are six main classes of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases. The six main classes are then further divided into subclasses, like carboxylase, hydratase, lipase.
(c)
Interpretation: The validation of the given pairing of the enzyme classification terminology has to be stated.
Concept introduction: There are six main classes of enzymes, oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases. The six main classes are then further divided into subclasses, like carboxylase, hydratase, lipase.
(d)
Interpretation: The validation of the given pairing of the enzyme classification terminology has to be stated.
Concept introduction: There are six main classes of enzymes, oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases. The six main classes are then further divided into subclasses, like carboxylase, hydratase, lipase.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Match the following catalytic strategies with their example. Place a Letter on the picture. There are only two examples given. CH2OH CH2OH H. CH,OH CH2OH он он OH Kon + H2O OH HO OH OH OH HO но OH OH OH OH A. Oxidoreducatase OH OH B. Transferase C. Hydrolase D. Lyase NH3 E. Isomerase F. Ligase R-CH-COO + 00C-CH2-CH2-C-COO Amino acid a-Ketoglutarate NH3 + 00c-CH2-CH2–CH-C0 R-C-COO a-Keto acid Glutamatearrow_forwardSucrase has an optimum temperature of 37°C and an optimum pH of 6.2. Determine the effect of the following on its rate of reaction: 1) no change 2) increase decrease 3) A. increasing the concentration of sucrase B. changing the pH to 4.0 C. running the reaction at 70°C What are the functions of Allosteric enzymes What are some factors that affects enzyme activity? I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Enzyme activity can be regulated by allosteric enzymes, feedback control, and covalent modifications. T/F Examples of Zymogens are the proteases trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. T/F? Trypsin catalyzes the removal of dipeptides from inactive chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen to give the active proteases chymotrypsin and trypsin. T/F The removal of a polypeptide chain from proinsulin produces the active form of insulin. T/F? A kinase can activate an inactive enzyme by phosphorylation, ie adding a phosphate group. T/F? A phosphatase can activate an inactive enzyme by removal of phosphate. T/F? Identify…arrow_forwardMatch the following catalytic strategies with their example. Place a Letter on the picture. There are only two examples given. CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH он он OH OH + H20 OH OH OH но H. но но OH OH OH OH OH OH A. Oxidoreducatase B. Transferase C. Hydrolase D. Lyase NH3 E. Isomerase F. Ligase R-CH-COO "ooc-CH2-CH2-C-COO Amino acid a-Ketoglutaratearrow_forward
- A multi-enzyme complex Is made up of three polypeptide chains, A, B and C. A is associated with decarboxylase activity; B is a transacetylase, while C is a dehydrogenase. When the protein was placed in a nonpolar solvent, then run in PAGE, two protein bands were observed. Enzyme assays showed that one protein band exhibited decarboxylase activity while the other has both transacetylase and dehydrogenase activities. When the protein was also placed in an aqueous solvent at pH 5.0, then run in electrophoresis, two protein bands were also detected. Further enzyme assays also showed that one protein band exhibits transacetytase activity while the other has both decarboxylase and dehydrogenase activities. a. What types of non-covalent interactions are possible between A, B and C? b. Addition of urea, a reducing agent gave 4 bands in the PAGE profile with a subsequent loss of decarboxylase activity. What could be the reason for the observed result? Explain briefly in terms of the structure…arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. thiolytic cleavage b. ketogenesis c. ketone bodies d. α-oxidation e. ACCarrow_forwardExplain why catalase activity is lower at: i. Low temperature ii. High temperaturearrow_forward
- Complete the following table by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the Fatty Acid Degradation. Please provide the structure of the reactants and productsarrow_forwardIdentify the type of enzyme inhibition each of the following inhibitor characteristics is associated with: 1. An inhibitor that decreases enzyme activity by binding to a site on the enzyme other that the active site. 2. An inhibitor that inactivates enzymes by forming a strong covalent bond of the enzyme acitve site.arrow_forwardGive the systematic names and the first three digits in the E.C. classifications of the enzymes catalysing the following reactions:arrow_forward
- 1. What is koji and how is it used and prepared as starter enzyme in certain production of food products? list some of its application. (2 pts.) 2. Draw a schematic diagram/process flow diagram of the following enzyme prepared products: Indicate the microorganism used to make the process. (Reminder: Topic is enzyme, here you are applying enzyme-producing microorganisms to produce food/beverage products) 2.1 soy sauce (2 pts) 2.2 miso (2 pts) 2.3 sake (2 pts) 2.4 OTHER PRODUCT YOU CAN FIND involving enzyme preparation (3 pts) 3. Write the chemical reaction involve or show chemical reaction mechanism in(for) the production of the following: (Reminder: deduce the basic chemical reaction, don't provide complex reaction mechanism(s). Quiz will not give you a complex reaction :) 3.1 soy sauce (3 pts) 3.2 miso (3 pts) 3.3 sake (3 pts)arrow_forwardDefine enzyme inhibition. Explain in detail the different types of inhibitions with suitable examples.arrow_forwardgive the properties of the enzyme (e.g., shape, size, colour, price). a) amylase b) invertasearrow_forward
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