EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100853180
Author: STOKER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21.64EP
Indicate whether each of the following statements describes a reversible competitive inhibitor, a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor, or an irreversible inhibitor. More than one answer may apply.
- a. It bonds covalently to the enzyme active site.
- b. The inhibitor effect can be reversed by the addition of more substrate.
- c. Inhibitor structure must be somewhat similar to that of the substrate.
- d. The inhibitor and substrate cannot bind to the enzyme simultaneously.
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A medicinal chemist is trying to determine the mechanism of action of inhibitors she has
synthesized. The relative change in KM and Vmax upon incubation of the targeted enzyme with
each inhibitor is shown in the table below.
Inhibitor A
Inhibitor B
Inhibitor C
Using this data, the mechanism of action of Inhibitor C is:
Uncompetitive
TS‡ analog
Mixed Inhibition
Competitive
Кмарр- Км
0
Non-competitive
app - Vmax
<0
<0
0
Vmax
Identify the type of enzyme inhibition each of the following inhibitor characteristics is associated with:
1. An inhibitor that decreases enzyme activity by binding to a site on the enzyme other that the active site.
2. An inhibitor that inactivates enzymes by forming a strong covalent bond of the enzyme acitve site.
Many pharmaceuticals exert their action by inhibiting the activity of enzymes. Choose
the false statement regarding enzyme inhibition.
A- Enzyme can be inhibited by a ligand that binds to an active site
B- Enzyme can be inhibited by a ligand that binds to a site other than that of
substrate
C- Enzyme can be inhibited by a ligand that forms a covalent bond with enzyme.
D- It is true of all enzyme inhibitors, that the degree of inhibition is reduced when the
concentration of inhibitor is lowered by metabolism or
E- Enzyme may be inhibited by a ligand that does not bind in the substrate site
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
Ch. 21.1 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.2 - Which of the following statements about a...Ch. 21.2 - Which of the following statements about cofactors...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.3 - Which of the following statements concerning an...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.3 - Which of the following pairings of enzyme type and...Ch. 21.3 - Which of the following pairings of enzyme type and...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 1QQ
Ch. 21.4 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.5 - The specificity of an enzyme that catalyzes the...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.6 - The number of substrate molecules converted to...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.7 - Extremozyme presence is not possible in which of...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.12 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.12 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.13 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.13 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.13 - In the recharging of a metal-containing enzyme by...Ch. 21.14 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.14 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.14 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.14 - Which of the B vitamins has a name that draws...Ch. 21.14 - Prob. 5QQCh. 21.14 - Prob. 6QQCh. 21.15 - Prob. 1QQCh. 21.15 - Prob. 2QQCh. 21.15 - Prob. 3QQCh. 21.15 - For which of the following vitamins is blood...Ch. 21.15 - Prob. 5QQCh. 21 - What is the general role of enzymes in the human...Ch. 21 - Why does the body need so many different enzymes?Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.4EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following phrases...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following phrases...Ch. 21 - Explain why a metal ion can function as a cofactor...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.9EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.11EPCh. 21 - Based on its name, indicate whether each of the...Ch. 21 - Predict the function of each of the following...Ch. 21 - Predict the function of each of the following...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.15EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.16EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.17EPCh. 21 - Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.19EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.20EPCh. 21 - To which of the six major classes of enzymes does...Ch. 21 - To which of the six major classes of enzymes does...Ch. 21 - Identify the enzyme needed in each of the...Ch. 21 - Identify the enzyme needed in each of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the statements in Problem...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the statements in Problem...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.29EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.30EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.31EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.32EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.36EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.37EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.38EPCh. 21 - What type of specificity (absolute, group,...Ch. 21 - What type of specificity (absolute, group,...Ch. 21 - The following graph shows the relationship between...Ch. 21 - Based on the graphical information in Problem...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.43EPCh. 21 - Based on the graphical information in Problem...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.45EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.46EPCh. 21 - Draw a graph that shows the effect of increasing...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.48EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.49EPCh. 21 - What is an enzyme turnover number?Ch. 21 - Describe the effect that each of the following...Ch. 21 - Describe the effect that each of the following...Ch. 21 - What is an extremophile?Ch. 21 - What are two common environmental settings where...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following pairings of...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following pairings of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.57EPCh. 21 - What type(s) of extremophiles are used in oil well...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.59EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.60EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.61EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.63EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.65EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.67EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.69EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.70EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.71EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.72EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.73EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.75EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.76EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.77EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.78EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.79EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.80EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.81EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.82EPCh. 21 - What is the medical diagnostic value associated...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.84EPCh. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following is a...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each of the following is a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.87EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.88EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.89EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.90EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.91EPCh. 21 - What are the structural differences between the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.93EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.94EPCh. 21 - Vitamin C is biosynthesized in a two-step process....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.96EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.97EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.98EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.99EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.100EPCh. 21 - Which of the B vitamins has a structure that fits...Ch. 21 - Which of the B vitamins has a structure that fits...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.103EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.104EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.105EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.106EPCh. 21 - The coenzyme forms of B vitamins are involved in...Ch. 21 - The coenzyme form of B vitamins are involved in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.109EPCh. 21 - What is the relationship between the plant pigment...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.111EPCh. 21 - List four major functions of vitamin A in the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.113EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.114EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.115EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.116EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.117EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.118EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.119EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.120EPCh. 21 - Which structural form of vitamin E exhibits the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.122EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.123EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.124EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.125EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.126EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.127EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.128EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.129EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.130EPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.131EPCh. 21 - Which vitamin or vitamins has (have) each of the...Ch. 21 - Which of the 13 vitamins has a structure that fits...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.134EP
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- A noncompetitive inhibition is best overcome (or reversed) by: A. Increasing [enzyme] B. Increasing [product] C. Increasing [Substrate] D. All of the abovearrow_forwardDetermine whether the following statements describe a reversible competitive inhibitor, a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor, or an irreversible inhibitor. Both the inhibitor and the substrate cannot bind to the enzyme at the same time. The structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the substrate. The addition of more substrate can reverse the inhibitor effect It forms a covalent bond with the active site.arrow_forwardEnzyme activity can be inhibited by inhibitors. Inhibitors can be bio-molecules or chemically synthesized molecules. Compare with explanation about the mechanism of competitive and non-competitive inhibitors.arrow_forward
- A new drug has been discovered which inhibits the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A. The information on this drug is shown in the graph below. Based on this information, which one of the following is most correct about this drug? 1/No 2- inhibitor (0.1 uM] no inhibitor 11 1/[S), uM OA. competitive inhibitor binding to the substrate O B. competitive inhibitor binding to free enzyme A OC. uncompetitive inhibitor binding to [ES] O D. uncompetitive inhibitor binding to the Michaelis complex O E. allosteric enzymearrow_forwardA) Why most therapeutic inhibitors (prescription medications) that are enzyme inhibitors function through a competitive inhibition mechanism. B) Describe a circumstance/reason that a drug company would specifically choose to develop a medication that inhibited an enzyme through a mechanism other than competitive inhibition.arrow_forwardWhich statement is/are TRUE about inhibitors? A. Mode of action of penicillin on bacteria is an example of irreversible inhibition. B. Increasing the substrate concentration does not affect competitive inhibitors C. Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the enzyme-substrate complex D. In the Lineweaver-Burke plot, the lines for enzymes in the presence and absence of noncompetitive inhibitor have different x-intercepts.arrow_forward
- The following statements refer to enzyme inhibition. Match the statement to the one of the following descriptors to which it is best associated. Descriptors: competitive inhibition; non-competitive inhibition; un-competitive; covalent inhibition. 9a. Inhibition is not reversed even after the inhibitor (1) is removed from solution by dialysis or drug metabolism/excretion. 9b. Inhibitor and substrate reversibly compete for occupancy of a common binding site 9c. The inhibitor binds reversibly only to the preformed E.S (enzyme-substrate) complex forming an inactive E.S.I. 9d. The inhibitor binds reversibly and independently of substrate to an allosteric site producing E.I or a ternary E.S.I complex which can't form product. 9f. The relative amount of inhibition decreases as [S] (the concentration of substrate) increases and S better competes for occupancy of the active site.arrow_forwardA. Which enzyme model involves the enzyme staying the same shape when the substrate binds to it? (lock and key, induced fit) B. If an inhibitor has similiar structure to that of a substrate, does it act as a competitive or noncompetitive inhibitor? C. What is the surface for an active site for an ezyme that binds the substrate to that site?arrow_forwardGraph a double reciprocal plot that satisfy the following: a. Michaelis-Menten kinetics enzyme, b. an inhibitor that binds only free enzyme (competitive), c. an inhibitor that binds only enzyme-substrate complex.arrow_forward
- An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following? a. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, increasing its affinity for substrate binding. b. Binds to the active site and blocks it from binding substrate. c. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate. d. Binds directly to the active site and mimics the substrate.arrow_forwardDefine the following as they apply to an enzymatic reaction. Give an example of each. a. Enzyme-limited: b. Substrate-limited:arrow_forwardMark any/all that apply to uncompetitive inhibition: Group of answer choices -KM/Vmax are equal for both the inhibited and the uninhibited reaction. -The inhibitor does not resemble the substrate. -Inhibition can be overcome by the addition of more substrate. -The inhibitor can bind to both enzyme alone AND enzyme that is bound by substrate. -None of these is correct.arrow_forward
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