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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The process which occurs during the covalent modification of an enzyme using phosphorylation reaction has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The process of covalently modifying the structure of enzyme by linking or removing a group from the amino acid within the structure of enzyme is called covalent modification. This process alters the activity of the enzyme.
(b)
Interpretation: The process which occurs during the covalent modification of an enzyme using a phosphatase enzyme has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The process of covalently modifying the structure of enzyme by linking or removing a group from the amino acid within the structure of enzyme is called covalent modification. This process alters the activity of the enzyme.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following statements regarding protein phosphorylation is FALSE? Select one: A. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by enzymes called protein kinases. B. Phosphorylation inhibits the activity of enzymes C. Aspartate residues can be phosphorylated. D. Phosphorylation is a reversible covalent modification of enzymes. Which is usually the slowest way to regulate a reaction in a metabolic pathway? Select one: A. Allosteric modulation B. Covalent modification C. Changing the enzyme concentration D. All of the above are usually equally as fastarrow_forwardProteases belong to the 'lyases' group of enzymes: a. FALSE b. TRUEarrow_forwardWhich mutation will most likely cause the mutant or protein to misfold in terms of thermodynamics. a.Glycine to alanine b.Tryptophan to tyrosine c.Leucine to Lysine d.Glutamic acid to glutaminearrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains why enzyme catalysis is affected by a change in pH? A. Change in pH alters ionization states of serine in the active site involved in nucleophilic catalysis B. The ionization states of his, asp and glu involved in acid/base catalysis are altered with change in pH C. Change in pH alters ionization states of contact amino acids in the active site D. All enzymes have optimum pHarrow_forwardDefine the following terms:a. oxidoreductaseb. lyasec. ligased. transferasee. hydrolasef. isomerasearrow_forwardYou are studying Protein X, which is a tetramer whose function is to bind glucose. You have found a molecule that is an allosteric effector of the protein’s activity. This means that: a. The molecule causes Protein X to bind O2 very tightly b. The molecule does not bind in the active site but affects the function of the protein c. The molecule is highly negatively charged d. The molecule binds in the same site as glucosearrow_forward
- what is the first step in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? a. formation of enzyme-substrate complex b. ionization of enzyme c. dimerizing the substance d. catalysis of enzymearrow_forwardSulfa drugs can be effective in limiting bacterial infections in humans while not producing toxic effects within human cells. Sulfa drugs most likely as as which of the following? a. noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme required by bacteria but not human cells b. allosteric effector increasing catalytic action of a bacterial enzyme c. positive allosteric effector of an enzyme in bacterial cell wall synthesis d. competitive inhibitor of an enzyme required by bacteria but not human cellsarrow_forwardcells can regulate different processes in two ways. they can turn on and off the genes that make enzymes, or they can: A. decrease the amount of energy needed to carry out the preferred process B. increase the activation energy of a reaction C. regulate the enzymes that are already made D. increase the amount of energy needed to carry out the preferred processarrow_forward
- Describe and explain an enzyme inhibitor that is used as a drug to treat cancer. This will include its chemical structure, type of inhibitor, mechanism and for which cancer it is used.arrow_forwardA metal ion required for enzyme activity is called a. cofactor b. a proenzyme c. a subtrate d. a zymogenarrow_forwardWhat class of enzymes catalyze the phosphorylation of amino acid residues in proteins? a. kinases b. phosphatases c. proteases d. phosphinesarrow_forward
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