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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement concerning the type of inhibitor has to be stated.
Concept introduction: A chemical substance which reduces or stops the catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it is known as an enzyme inhibitor. There are three modes of inhibition: Reversible competitive inhibition, Reversible non-competitive inhibition and irreversible inhibition.
(b)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement concerning the type of inhibitor has to be stated.
Concept introduction: A chemical substance which reduces or stops the catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it is known as an enzyme inhibitor. There are three modes of inhibition: Reversible competitive inhibition, Reversible non-competitive inhibition and irreversible inhibition.
(c)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement concerning the type of inhibitor has to be stated.
Concept introduction: A chemical substance which reduces or stops the catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it is known as an enzyme inhibitor. There are three modes of inhibition: Reversible competitive inhibition, Reversible non-competitive inhibition and irreversible inhibition.
(d)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement concerning the type of inhibitor has to be stated.
Concept introduction: A chemical substance which reduces or stops the catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it is known as an enzyme inhibitor. There are three modes of inhibition: Reversible competitive inhibition, Reversible non-competitive inhibition and irreversible inhibition.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following statements about Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition is false? a. A noncompetitive inhibitor does not change the Km of the enzyme. b. A competitive inhibitor does not change the Vmax of the enzyme c. The noncompetitive inhibitor can bind either free enzyme or the enzyme–substrate complex. d.A competitive inhibitor decreases the apparent Km for a given substrate.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true for the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding? A. The conformation of the enzyme’s active site changes when the enzyme binds to its substrate B. Stronger interactions between the enzyme and its substrate are formed as compared to the lock-and-key model of enzyme-substrate binding C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Which statement does not apply to transition states? A. only exist transiently (have lifetimes on the order of 10^-14 to 10^-13 seconds) B. differ in energy from the substrate by the activation energy C. Chemical bonds are in the process of being formed and broken. D. Many have been detected and purified experimentally.arrow_forwardWhich statement is/are TRUE about inhibitors? A. Mode of action of penicillin on bacteria is an example of irreversible inhibition. B. Increasing the substrate concentration does not affect competitive inhibitors C. Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the enzyme-substrate complex D. In the Lineweaver-Burke plot, the lines for enzymes in the presence and absence of noncompetitive inhibitor have different x-intercepts.arrow_forward
- Many pharmaceuticals exert their action by inhibiting the activity of enzymes. Choose the false statement regarding enzyme inhibition. A- Enzyme can be inhibited by a ligand that binds to an active site B- Enzyme can be inhibited by a ligand that binds to a site other than that of substrate C- Enzyme can be inhibited by a ligand that forms a covalent bond with enzyme. D- It is true of all enzyme inhibitors, that the degree of inhibition is reduced when the concentration of inhibitor is lowered by metabolism or E- Enzyme may be inhibited by a ligand that does not bind in the substrate sitearrow_forwardWhich of the folowing types of inhibitors binds to the active site of an enzyme? Select one: a. Competitive b. All of them C. Uncompetitive O d. Noncompetitivearrow_forwardSelect all the true statements about sequential versus concerted models of allostery. Group of answer choices A. In sequential allostery, binding of the substrate on one end of an enzyme causes a conformational change on the other end which propagates to another enzyme and enables easier binding of a second substrate to the second enzyme B. No conformational changes occur in either model C. In concerted allostery, the two forms of the enzyme exist in equilibrium because of a conformational change independent of substrate binding D. In concerted allostery, binding of the substrate to one of the forms is favorable (but not to the other) and binding of the second substrate is enhanced on the favorable formarrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following statements about an enzyme active site is true or false. a. It is the location where substrate molecules are produced. b. It always has a fixed, rigid geometry. c. It always has a geometrical shape exactly complementary to that of substrate. d. It always accomodates several structurally related substrates. e. It is the location where substrate molecules are converted to product molecules. f. It always has a shape that has a degree of flexibility to it. g. it always accomodates only one specific substrate.arrow_forwardIdentify the type of enzyme inhibition each of the following inhibitor characteristics is associated with: 1. An inhibitor that decreases enzyme activity by binding to a site on the enzyme other that the active site. 2. An inhibitor that inactivates enzymes by forming a strong covalent bond of the enzyme acitve site.arrow_forwardA noncompetitive inhibition is best overcome (or reversed) by: A. Increasing [enzyme] B. Increasing [product] C. Increasing [Substrate] D. All of the abovearrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. competitive inhibitor b. uncompetitive inhibitor c. noncompetitive inhibitor d. reversible inhibitor e. irreversible inhibitorarrow_forwardThe following statements are either True or False. Please label accordingly. a. L-Amino reductase is an enzyme. b. Allosteric enzymes are composed of two or more protein chains. Heavy metals are examples of inhibitors. They function by binding to sulfur on cysteine amino acid residues. C. d. A reversible noncompetitive inhibitor temporarily blocks an enzyme's active site. Enzymes don't denature as easily as smaller proteins when heated or stressed due to their complex secondary and tertiary structure. e. Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP when protons cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. f. g. DNA and RNA strands differ only in the fact that DNA forms a double helix. h. There is no secondary structure in RNA strands.arrow_forwardIn drug development, enzyme inhibition studies play a very important role since drugs are often used to target specific enzymes, as illustrated in the example of lovastatin. An important consideration when assessing drug potential is the drug's affinity for the selected target. (The higher the affinity, the better the candidate.) The K₁ is often used in studies to measure the affinity of drug candidates toward their target. Based on your understanding of K₁, which drug would be the BEST candidate for further development? Drug C: K₁= 9.1 x 107 M Drug E: K₁ = 3.5 × 10³ mm Drug D: K₁=5.5 × 10³ μM Drug B: K₁=2.5 × 10 mm Drug A: K₁=4.5 x 10 mmarrow_forward
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