Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The place where
Concept Introduction:
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
Mitochondria: It is a membrane bound organelle present within the cell cytoplasm of the eukaryotes.
They are also known as power houses of the cell since
Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.
(b)
Interpretation:
The place where
Concept Introduction:
Electron transport chain
The enzymes that help in electron transport chain are embedded within the inner membrane of mitochondrion.
Mitochondria: It is a membrane bound organelle present within the cell cytoplasm of the eukaryotes.
They are also known as power houses of the cell since cellular respiration occurs there that results in ATP production.
Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
The place where
Concept Introduction:
Electron transport chain
The enzymes that help in electron transport chain are embedded within the inner membrane of mitochondrion.
Mitochondria: It is a membrane bound organelle present within the cell cytoplasm of the eukaryotes.
They are also known as power houses of the cell since cellular respiration occurs there that results in ATP production.
Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.
(d)
Interpretation:
The place where Cytochrome c found in cell should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Electron transport chain
The enzymes that help in electron transport chain are embedded within the inner membrane of mitochondrion.
Mitochondria: It is a membrane bound organelle present within the cell cytoplasm of the eukaryotes.
They are also known as power houses of the cell since cellular respiration occurs there that results in ATP production.
Enzyme: The proteins that helps
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 21 Solutions
EP FUND.OF GENERAL,ORG...-MOD.MASTERING
- (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD* to NADP+. How many reducing equivalents are involved in this reaction? (b) How many reducing equivalents are involved in the conversion of ferric to ferrous ion? (c) How many reducing equivalents are involved in reducing one molecule of oxygen gas to water?arrow_forwardVitamin B3 (niacin) is a component of NAD+ (or NADH). Niacin is acquired through the diet. a) Describe the consequences of niacin deficiency on energy production. b) Invent two strategies a cell might use to maintain energy production under niacin deficiency.arrow_forwardWhy are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? A)NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. B)They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. C)They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. D)The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. E) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane. 14.arrow_forward
- In human cells, where does fatty acid elongation (that is, beyond the C16:0 normally produced by fatty acid synthase) occur? a)On the outer (cytosolic) face of the outer mitochondrial membrane b)On the outer (cytosolic) face of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane c)Free in the cytosol d)In the mitochondrial matrixarrow_forward1) When a de-coupler such as 2,4-DNP is added to a respiring mitochondrion, which of the following effects on the process of ETC-OP will be true, which will be false. a) Mitochondria no longer reduce O2 to H2 b) Electrons no longer enter the electron transport chain. c) Activity of Complex V (ATP Synthase) is greatly decreased. d) The P/O ratio for FADH2 becomes larger than the P/O ratio for NADH. e) Protons are no longer pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. 2) The rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a) condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. b) formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate. c) formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and coenzyme A. d) the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.arrow_forwardThe mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membranearrow_forward
- The oxygen (O2) consumed during aerobic cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP B)accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C)glycolysis D)the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA E)the citric acid cycle 12.arrow_forwardWhich effects the increased levels of hydrogen ions in the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria? a) Decreased levels of chemiosmosis b) Increased levels of water in inter-membrane space c) Increase ATP production d) Decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardMitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) includes: Question 10 options: a) mitochondrial outer membranes are disrupted. b) caspases activation in either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. c) cytochrome c release. d) All of the above. e) Only (a) and (c)arrow_forward
- what are the two things that the mitochondria need to take in for cellular respiration to occur? A)Suger (glucose) & oxygen B)carbon dioxide, water, & energy C)neither of these is true D)both of these is truearrow_forwardWhen pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mitochondria along with ADP, P, antimycin A, and oxygen, the cytochrome c becomes oxidized, and ATP is formed, with a P/o ratio approaching 1.0. (a) Indicate the probable flow of electrons in this system. (b) Why was antimycin A added? (c) What does this experiment tell you about the location of cou- pling sites for oxidative phosphorylation? (d) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction (including cyt c oxidation and ATP synthesis).arrow_forwardDuring cellular respiration, which of the following diffuses through ATP synthase? A)Phosphates B)Electrons C)Carbon dioxide (CO2) D)Protons (H+ ions) E)ATP 15arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON