Explanation Explanation To determine: Answers of several questions based upon intermolecular forces. Weak intermolecular forces operate in hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons (non polar) exhibit weak van der waals forces. Boiling point of n-heptane is greater than that of n-butane because boiling point depends upon molecular weight. Higher the molecular weight, higher the boiling point. Boiling point of hydrocarbons decreases with branching because boiling point depends upon the size of hydrocarbons. As the branching increases, size of hydrocarbons decreases and hence boiling point also decreases. Each functional group listed in Table 21.4 exhibit London dispersion force as well as dipole-dipole forces. Boiling point of alcohols is higher than that of ethers. London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces. All the functional group listed in Table 21.4 are polar, hence the also exhibit dipole dipole forces. Alcohols are able to form hydrogen bonds while ethers do not form hydrogen bonding, therefore alcohols boils at higher temperature. Carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonding while esters do not form hydrogen bonding so carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than similar esters. CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 OH , CH 3 CHO and HCOOH all have about same molar mass but they boil at very different temperatures because of different intermolecular forces operating in them

2nd Edition

ISBN: 9781305079243

Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Question

Chapter 21, Problem 7RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given questions based upon intermolecular forces are to be answered.

Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces help in determining the bulk properties such as melting point and boiling point of organic compounds. Some of the intermolecular forces are dipole dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and many others.

Expert Solution & Answer

Chapter 21 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Ch. 21 - What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 21 - Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes,...Ch. 21 - What functional group distinguishes each of the...Ch. 21 - Distinguish between isomerism and resonance....Ch. 21 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 10RQ

Ch. 21 - Prob. 11RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 12RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 21 - What is wrong with the following names? Give the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 10Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 11Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 12Q Ch. 21 - Prob. 13E Ch. 21 - Prob. 14E Ch. 21 - Draw all the structural isomers for C8H18 that...Ch. 21 - Draw all the structural isomers for C8H18 that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 17E Ch. 21 - Prob. 18E Ch. 21 - Draw the structural formula for each of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 20E Ch. 21 - Prob. 21E Ch. 21 - Prob. 22E Ch. 21 - Prob. 23E Ch. 21 - Prob. 24E Ch. 21 - Name each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH ...Ch. 21 - Name each of the following alkenes or alkynes. a....Ch. 21 - Prob. 27E Ch. 21 - Prob. 28E Ch. 21 - Prob. 29E Ch. 21 - Prob. 30E Ch. 21 - Name each of the following. a. b. CH3CH2CH2CCl3 c....Ch. 21 - Prob. 32E Ch. 21 - There is only one compound that is named...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34E Ch. 21 - Prob. 35E Ch. 21 - Prob. 36E Ch. 21 - Prob. 37E Ch. 21 - Prob. 38E Ch. 21 - Prob. 39E Ch. 21 - Prob. 40E Ch. 21 - Draw all structural and geometrical (cistrans)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 42E Ch. 21 - Prob. 43E Ch. 21 - Prob. 44E Ch. 21 - If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a...Ch. 21 - There are three isomers of dichlorobenzene, one of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 47E Ch. 21 - Prob. 48E Ch. 21 - Prob. 49E Ch. 21 - Minoxidil (C9H15N5O) is a compound produced by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 51E Ch. 21 - Prob. 52E Ch. 21 - Name all the alcohols that have the formula...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54E Ch. 21 - Prob. 55E Ch. 21 - Prob. 56E Ch. 21 - Prob. 57E Ch. 21 - Prob. 58E Ch. 21 - Prob. 59E Ch. 21 - Prob. 60E Ch. 21 - Prob. 61E Ch. 21 - Prob. 62E Ch. 21 - Prob. 63E Ch. 21 - Prob. 64E Ch. 21 - Prob. 65E Ch. 21 - Prob. 66E Ch. 21 - Prob. 67E Ch. 21 - Prob. 68E Ch. 21 - Prob. 69E Ch. 21 - Complete the following reactions. a. CH3CO2H +...Ch. 21 - Prob. 71E Ch. 21 - Prob. 72E Ch. 21 - Prob. 73E Ch. 21 - Prob. 74E Ch. 21 - Prob. 75E Ch. 21 - The polyester formed from lactic acid, is used for...Ch. 21 - Prob. 77E Ch. 21 - Prob. 78E Ch. 21 - Prob. 79E Ch. 21 - Prob. 80E Ch. 21 - Prob. 81E Ch. 21 - Prob. 82E Ch. 21 - Prob. 83E Ch. 21 - Prob. 84E Ch. 21 - Prob. 85E Ch. 21 - Prob. 86E Ch. 21 - Prob. 87E Ch. 21 - Prob. 88E Ch. 21 - Prob. 89E Ch. 21 - Prob. 90E Ch. 21 - Prob. 91E Ch. 21 - Prob. 92E Ch. 21 - Prob. 93E Ch. 21 - Prob. 94E Ch. 21 - Prob. 95E Ch. 21 - Prob. 96E Ch. 21 - Prob. 97E Ch. 21 - Prob. 98E Ch. 21 - Prob. 99E Ch. 21 - Prob. 100E Ch. 21 - Prob. 101E Ch. 21 - Prob. 102E Ch. 21 - Prob. 103E Ch. 21 - Prob. 104E Ch. 21 - Prob. 105E Ch. 21 - Prob. 106E Ch. 21 - Which base will hydrogen-bond with uracil within...Ch. 21 - Prob. 108E Ch. 21 - The base sequences in mRNA that code for certain...Ch. 21 - Prob. 110E Ch. 21 - Prob. 111AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 112AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 113AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 114AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 115AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 116AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 117AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 118AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 119AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 120AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 121AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 122AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 123AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 124AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 125AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 126AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 127AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 128AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 129AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 130AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 131AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 132AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 133AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 134AE Ch. 21 - When heat is added to proteins, the hydrogen...Ch. 21 - Prob. 136AE Ch. 21 - Prob. 137CWP Ch. 21 - Prob. 138CWP Ch. 21 - Prob. 139CWP Ch. 21 - Name each of the following alkenes and alkynes. a....Ch. 21 - a. Name each of the following alcohols. b. Name...Ch. 21 - Prob. 142CWP Ch. 21 - Prob. 143CWP Ch. 21 - Prob. 144CWP Ch. 21 - Prob. 145CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 146CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 147CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 148CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 149CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 150CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 151CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 152CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 153CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 154CP Ch. 21 - Stretch a rubber band while holding it gently to...Ch. 21 - Alcohols are very useful starting materials for...Ch. 21 - Prob. 157CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 158CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 159IP Ch. 21 - Prob. 160IP Ch. 21 - Prob. 161MP Ch. 21 - Prob. 162MP

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What is the difference in bonding and in the general molecular formula between an alkene and an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms?

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