Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 9TYU
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9. In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transfer
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EVOLUTION LINK Examine the cladogram in Figure 30-6a. Based on the discussion in this chapter, what were some of the types of data that biologists used to determine these phylogenetic relationships?
(e) Using your phylogenetics knowledge from the first exam material , how was the approximate time of divergence between bees and their sister taxa estimated ?
Answer according to phylogenetic tree for animal phyla
1. Which phyla are radically symmetrical?
2. Which phyla are coelomates?
3. Which phyla are triploblastic? Explain what triplobastic means.
4. Which phyla have segmented bodies and a closed blood system?
5. a) Differentiate between an exoskeleton and endoskeleton.
b) Which phyla have these skeletons?
c) Give one advantage and disadvantage of each of this skeletons
6. Which phylum did not hive rise to any other group of animals?
7. Name one feature of the chordates that make them different from the other phyla
8. What was the common ancestor of all animals?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - State two justifications for the use of scientific...Ch. 23.1 - Describe the binomial system of naming organisms...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 23.1 - What are the key features of the system of...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 23.2 - What are the major groups of organisms that belong...Ch. 23.2 - In what specific ways does a cladogram give us...
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.3 - Critically review the difficulties encountered in...Ch. 23.3 - Apply the concept of shared derived characters to...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 23.3 - Contrast monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 23.3 - How are shared ancestral characters and shared...Ch. 23.3 - Why dont shared ancestral characters provide...Ch. 23.3 - How is molecular biology contributing to the...Ch. 23.3 - Systematisms prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa...Ch. 23.4 - Contrast the traditional classification with the...Ch. 23.4 - Describe the construction of a cladogram by using...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 23.4 - In what way do systematists use shared derived...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.5 - Describe how phylogenetic information applied to...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYU
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- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. Each branching point in a cladogram (a) is called a root (b) represents a clade (c) represents the divergence of two or more groups from a common ancestor (d) represents horizontal gene transfer (e) marks the divergence of two kingdomsarrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would youplace this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram inFigure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristicswould help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explainyour decision-making process.arrow_forwardDesign an Experiment Imagine that you are trying to determine the evolutionary relationships among six groups of animals that look very much alike because they have few measurable morphological characters. What data would you collect to reconstruct their phylogenetic history?arrow_forward
- In what specific ways does a cladogram give us information about the evolutionary relationships of groups of organisms?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 8.VISUALIZE Draw a simple cladogram illustrating the evolutionary relationships among extant mammals (marsupials, eutherians, and monotremes). Include the following characters in your cladogram: well-developed placenta, vivipary, endothermy, marsupium, hair.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts 1. What are the wings of birds and bees are an example of? 1. a homologous character 2. convergent evolution 3. derived characters 4. mosaic evolution 5. ancestral charactersarrow_forward
- Please just solve question 5, thanku! 2.Clades can be described as "natural groups."Why do you Bthink this is so？ 3.What do the“tips"and“branches"of a phylogenetic tree represent？ 4.Describe how you“trace ancestors back through time"on a phylogenetic tree. 5.Compare and contrast traditional and phylogenetic classification systems. (a）What are the advantages and disadvantages of each？ (b)Think of an example of when it would be useful to use a traditional classification.Why would this system be the best choice in this case？ (c)Think of a situation where it would be useful to use phylogenetic classification system.Why would this system be the best choice in this case？ 6. Traditional and phylogenetic classification systems usually place species in the same groups. For example，both systems place lions and tigers together，and horses.arrow_forward(Check all the right answers). The goal of Phylogenetic systematics is to determine; - the evolutionary pathways by which existing (and extinct) species arose; - the degree of relatedness of various species; - the specifics of species relatedness (HOW close/distant they are related); - the determination of extinct ancestors' morphology.arrow_forwardWHAT IF? What would a fossil record of life todaylook like?arrow_forward
- Figure out the order of evolution of each character. You have been given reason to believe that, based on the fossil record, Xenite A is the ancestral species. Create your cladogram for the Xenites. Identify which derived characters were homologies or analogies. Explain the evolutionary history of the organisms shown by your tree. How did you use evidence to create your cladogram?arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts What evidence shows that the most recent common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans was much more arboreal than modern humans are? We spoke of paleoenvironmental processes that changed the ecological environmental conditions in Africa somewhere around 7 million years in Africa: which are they? How would have these processes might have selected for a less arboreal lifestyle in the human lineage? Why did the same changes not evolve in the chimpanzee lineage?arrow_forward[Zoology - Cladogram] Can you figure out where did I go wrong?arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license