Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Systematics is used to construct a cladogram, which is an evolutionary tree, which depicts the relationship among different species by studying the similarities or differences.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1. Contrast homology and analogy. Give an example of homoplasy.
2. Discuss adaptation and preadaptation.
3. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, parallel, and organic evolution.
4. What is a vestigial structure? A rudimentary structure?
5. Describe heterochrony – specifically paedogenesis, neoteny, and paedomorphosis.
1. Differenciate the difference between taxonomy and systematics and give a brief examplanation about their relations.
2. Give certain primitive characters with all members of kingdom Animalia (adapted from Krempel's and Lee, p.7-9). List four primitive characters all humans share with all other animal, but not with any other living things.
3. List as many derived characters as possible that make Homo Sapiens different from all other great apes. Restrict your list to truly BIOLOGICAL characters.
Please just solve question 5, thanku!
2.Clades can be described as "natural groups."Why do you
Bthink this is so？
3.What do the“tips"and“branches"of a phylogenetic tree
represent？
4.Describe how you“trace ancestors back through time"on a phylogenetic tree.
5.Compare and contrast traditional and phylogenetic classification systems.
(a）What are the advantages and disadvantages of each？
(b)Think of an example of when it would be useful to use a traditional classification.Why would this system be the best choice in this case？
(c)Think of a situation where it would be useful to use phylogenetic classification system.Why would this system be the best choice in this case？
6. Traditional and phylogenetic classification systems usually place species in the same groups. For example，both systems place lions and tigers together，and horses.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - State two justifications for the use of scientific...Ch. 23.1 - Describe the binomial system of naming organisms...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 23.1 - What are the key features of the system of...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 23.2 - What are the major groups of organisms that belong...Ch. 23.2 - In what specific ways does a cladogram give us...
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.3 - Critically review the difficulties encountered in...Ch. 23.3 - Apply the concept of shared derived characters to...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 23.3 - Contrast monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 23.3 - How are shared ancestral characters and shared...Ch. 23.3 - Why dont shared ancestral characters provide...Ch. 23.3 - How is molecular biology contributing to the...Ch. 23.3 - Systematisms prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa...Ch. 23.4 - Contrast the traditional classification with the...Ch. 23.4 - Describe the construction of a cladogram by using...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 23.4 - In what way do systematists use shared derived...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.5 - Describe how phylogenetic information applied to...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYU
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- Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transferarrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would youplace this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram inFigure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristicswould help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explainyour decision-making process.arrow_forwardDesign an Experiment Imagine that you are trying to determine the evolutionary relationships among six groups of animals that look very much alike because they have few measurable morphological characters. What data would you collect to reconstruct their phylogenetic history?arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. Each branching point in a cladogram (a) is called a root (b) represents a clade (c) represents the divergence of two or more groups from a common ancestor (d) represents horizontal gene transfer (e) marks the divergence of two kingdomsarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that (a) the organisms evolved from a common ancestor (b) convergent evolution has occurred (c) they belong to a polyphyletic group (d) homoplasy has occurred (e) independently acquired characters may evolve when organisms inhabit similar environmentsarrow_forward1. Go online. Choose a group of organisms you are interested to work with (e.g. invertebrates); 2. In tabular form, list all the characters. Evaluate the characters (whether primitive or derived). 3. Remember that in building your cladogram, use only shared derived characters. 4. Construct your own cladogram.arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts 1. What are the wings of birds and bees are an example of? 1. a homologous character 2. convergent evolution 3. derived characters 4. mosaic evolution 5. ancestral charactersarrow_forward1 which two organisms are most closely related? 2. Which of the following characteristics would be considered an ancestral trait for all the organisms shown? 3. What characteristics do rag-finned fish and amphibians share?arrow_forward(e) Using your phylogenetics knowledge from the first exam material , how was the approximate time of divergence between bees and their sister taxa estimated ?arrow_forward
- 1. Based on the activity what is the basis for saying that a certain organisms is less or more similar to another organism. 2. In the introduction it says "molecular data is universal", what is meant by this and why is it important in the science of systematics? 3. Figure 2 shows the phylogenetic relationship among chordates. Based on the figure, how does the ancestor of all chordates look like? 4. Based on figure 2 which organisms is most similar to Tunicates and least similar to tunicates?arrow_forwardIn what specific ways does a cladogram give us information about the evolutionary relationships of groups of organisms?arrow_forwardnvestigate the changes in taxonomy since Linnaeus. Note major changes, such as the recognition that sponges are not plants (Linnaeus thought they were), the changing classification of barnacles (Linnaeus thought they were bivalves), and the breakdown of Linnaeus’s phylum, Vermes (worms). 2) Draw a cladogram of the primates, referring to Chapter 22. Include Homo sapiens and the other extinct species of the genus Homo to the best of our current knowledge. Compare to the cladograms in several of the most recent references listed in Chapter 22.arrow_forward
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