Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 23, Problem 1S
Summary Introduction
To enlist:
The synapomorphy and the taxa defined by that synapomorphy for the groups pictured in figure 23.2. Name each group defined by a set of synapomorphies in a way that might be constructed as informative about what kind of characters define the group.
Introduction:
Systematics is used to construct a phylogeny which is an evolutionary tree that depicts the relationship among different species by studying the similarities or differences among different species. But similarities could arise either due to ancestral basis or due to derived characters like homoplasy or convergent evolution. Cladistics is the approach that distinguishes between the similarities due to ancestral reasons from the similarities due to derived characters.
Synapomorphic characters are those that are shared only by the descendants of an ancestral species.
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Identify the following in the sample cladogram below: plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy, autapomorphy, basal taxa, derived taxa.
In a phylogenetic tree, Species 1 and 2 are distantly related to one another but are both darkly pigmented. Species 3 which is unpigmented is a sister taxon to Species 2. The common ancestor to all three species is darkly pigmented; thus, this trait in the phylogeny is considered to be a -
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What is the function of including an outgroup in this phylogeny? After all, the point of the phylogeny is to see which Galapagos finch species are most closely related to each other.
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