Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 6U
In order to determine polarity for different states of a character
a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question.
b. genetic sequence data must be available.
c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected.
d. an outgroup must be identified.
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To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
In order to determine polarity for different states of a character
a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question.
b. genetic sequence data must be available.
c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected.
d. an outgroup must be identified.
People studying fossils have to employ which of the following species concepts?
a.
The Morphospecies Concept
b.
The Biological Species Concept
c.
The Phylogenetic Species Concept
d.
The Physical Species Concept
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...
Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Derived characters are traits: A. that are more complicated than ancestral characters B. that characterize the last common ancestor of a particular collection of species. C. that have evolved after the last common ancestor of a particulan collection of species. D. that are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.arrow_forwardWhat is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardWhich of the following are true about outgroups? a. They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny b. They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question c. They do not have any autapomorphic traits d. They are less evolved than the species of interestarrow_forward
- What is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asaparrow_forwardWhich of the following are true about outgroups? (multiple answers allowed) A) they help identify plesiomorphic traits in the pylogeny B) they are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in questionC) They do not have any autapomorphic traits D)they are less evolved than the species of interestarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.arrow_forward
- What kind of trait is important to cladistics? a. shared derived traits b. shared ancestral traits c. analogous traits d. parsimonious traitsarrow_forwardWhales and dolphins evolved from land mammals. Their front legs have become fin-like structures called flukes which help them swim. The similarity in form and function of the flukes of whales and the fins of fishes is an example of...? Group of answer choices a. convergent evoluton b. homology c. neitherarrow_forwardWhat do scientists use to apply cladistics? a. homologous traits b. homoplasies c. analogous traits d. monophyletic groupsarrow_forward
- A phylogenetic tree is different from a cladogram in that ... Group of answer choices A: it shows that all species are not related to a common ancestor, but each has a distinct archetype. B: it represents the time scale of evolution, including where extinct species fit in. C: it uses an outgroup to compare a small group of species that exhibit similar traits D: it is not based on genetic or morphological evidence.arrow_forwardWhich assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a common ancestor. b. Speciation can produce one, two, or three new species. c. Traits change from one state to another. d. The polarity of a character state change can be determined.arrow_forwarda) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. b) Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. c) How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious? Use figure 20.5 and 20.12 from the Campbell, Biology in focus. Can you pls explain this to me?arrow_forward
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