Chapter 23, Problem 89A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The carbonyl functional groups present in the glucose and fructose should be drawn. The similar and different groups should be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having similar chemical formula but different structures are known as isomers.

The compounds having similar chemical or molecular formula but different connectivity is known as constitutional isomers.

Answer to Problem 89A

The carbonyl functional group present in glucose is aldehyde group.

The carbonyl functional group present in fructose is ketone group.

Aldehyde and ketone both functional group has carbonyl group that is carbon double bonded oxygen.

Aldehyde has one hydrogen atom linked with carbonyl group whereas no hydrogen atom is present in ketone (two alkyl groups are linked with carbonyl group).

Explanation of Solution

Glucose consists of single unit of sugar which can’t be hydrolyzed into simpler molecule. Glucose is obtained by the photosynthesis process and also found in plants.

Fructose consists of single unit of sugar which can’t be hydrolyzed into simpler molecule.

Glucose and fructose are structural isomers of each other implies they have same molecular formula that is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}$ but have different structures.

The structure of glucose and fructose with their function groups are:

Glucose consists of aldehyde function group whereas the fructose consists of ketone functional group. In both aldehyde (-CHO) and ketone (−CO-) functional group, carbon atom double bonded with an oxygen atom is present that is carbonyl group is present. The difference between aldehyde and ketone functional group is that the aldehyde functional group has one hydrogen atom which is linked with carbon atom of carbonyl group whereas in ketone function group, no hydrogen atom is present; two alkyl groups are linked with carbonyl group.