The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown. Concept Introduction: Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product. In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist A g 2 O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

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Give a suitable chemical reaction to distinguish between a primary and a secondary amine. Suggest one way of Increasing the basicity of an amine and give a specific example of its application.

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(a) Compound Z is a tertiary aromatic amine with the formula, C8H11N. Provide a chemical structure for compound Z. (b)nDraw the structure of the product formed exclusively when nitrous acid reacts with Z.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

Answer 6

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

Answer 7

Chapter 23.9, Problem 23.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given results are consistent with piperidine has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two additional molecules with molecular formula C5H11N that gives product that is consistent with the given Hofmann elimination has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Hofmann Elimination: It is a type of reaction where an β- elimination takes place in a quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism when treated with a strong base to give a less substituted alkene as major product.

In Hofmann Elimination, a quaternary ammonium halide first treated with moist Ag2O forming quaternary ammonium hydroxide which on heating gives an alkene. An anti stereoselective elimination occurs in the quaternary ammonium hydroxide to form alkene that is less substituted.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that piperidine is a type of reaction where an - elimination takes place in quaternary ammonium halide via E2 mechanism.

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Chapter 23 Solutions