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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through
(c)
Interpretation:
The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C. Trehalose and isomaltose are both dimers of glucose. However, they have considerably different reactivities. Concisely explain why these differences are observed. HO HO HO HO он HO- OH HO но Но trehalose isomaltose 1. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar while trehalose is not. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar because it contains two glucose units with one glucose unit containing a hemiacetal group that is free, this allows 2. Trehalose is very resistant to acid hydrolysis while isomaltose can be acid-hydrolyzed with ease.arrow_forward1. Which sugars are reducing? Which sugars are non-reducing? a. Glucose: b. Fructose: c. Sucrose: d. Lactose: e. Sucrose hydrolysate: Starch hydrolysate: g. Cellulose hydrolysate: f. 2. What structural feature is responsible for the reducing property of carbohydrates?arrow_forwardC. Trehalose and isomaltose are both dimers of glucose. However, they have considerably different reactivities. Concisely explain why these differences are observed. OH HO но но. HO HO OH Но- он но OH HO НО trehalose isomaltose 1. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar while trehalose is not. 2. Trehalose is very resistant to acid hydrolysis while isomaltose can be acid-hydrolyzed with ease.arrow_forward
- Propose structural formulas for the following polysaccharides. Q.) Pectic acid is the main component of pectin, which is responsible for the formation of jellies from fruits and berries. Pectic acid is a polymer of d-galacturonic acid in the pyranose form joined by a-1,4-glycosidic bonds.arrow_forwardPropose structural formulas for the following polysaccharides. Q.) Alginic acid, isolated from seaweed, is used as a thickening agent in ice cream and other foods. Alginic acid is a polymer of d-mannuronic acid in the pyranose form joined by b-1,4-glycosidic bonds.arrow_forwardA reddish color is obtained when compound A (a disaccharide) is reacted with Benedict solution. Is this compound more likely maltose or sucrosearrow_forward
- (d) Draw the structure of the expected product when monosaccharide B undergo mutarotation upon dissolving in water in the presence of Tollens reagent (AGNO3, NHẠOH). он OH O. OH OH OH monosaccharide Barrow_forwardThe anticoagulant heparin is a polysaccharide that contains alternating residues of -D- glucuronic acid-6- sulfate and N-sulfo-D-glucosamine-6sulfate connected by (1 B 4)- glycosidic linkages. Draw a part of heparin that shows one each of the two residues.arrow_forwardHow many stereoisomers are possible for a. a ketoheptose? b. an aldoheptose? c. a ketotriose?arrow_forward
- C. Trehalose and isomaltose are both dimers of glucose. However, they have considerably different reactivities. Concisely explain why these differences are observed. HO HO OH OH HO trehalose OH -OF HO HO HO OH HO HO isomaltose OH 1. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar while trehalose is not. 2. Trehalose is very resistant to acid hydrolysis while isomaltose can be acid-hydrolyzed with ease.arrow_forwardTrehalose and maltose are both dimers of glucose. However, they have considereably different reactivities. Concisely explain why these differences are observed. но но HO HO но "HO он но он OH O HO OHOH но trehalose maltose 1. Malthose is a reducing sugar while trehalose is not. 2. Trehalose is very resistant to acid hydrolysis while maltose can be acid-hydrolyzed with ease.arrow_forwarda. How many stereogenic centers are present in α-D-galactose? b. Label the hemiacetal carbon in α-D-galactose. c. Draw the structure of β-D-galactose. d. Draw the structure of the polyhydroxy aldehyde that cyclizes to α- and β-D-galactose.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
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