Chapter 27, Problem 65IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Compound that is able to get oxidized easily is to be identified. Structure of the product formed in the neutralization reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:

Alcohols can be oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde which in turn is further oxidized to acid. Alcohols on vigorous oxidation oxidize to a carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Compound that is able to neutralize aqueous sodium hydroxide is to be identified. Structure of the product formed in the neutralization reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:

Neutralization reaction corresponds to the combination of an acid and a base to form salt and water.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Compound that is able to form ester is to be identified. Structure of the product formed in the Esterification reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:

Ester formation takes place when alcohol combines with a carboxylic acid in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid. It proceeds via the Fischer esterification mechanism.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Compound that can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid is to be identified. Structure of the product formed in the oxidation reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:

Alcohols on vigorous oxidation oxidize to carboxylic acid but aldehydes are more reactive towards oxidation.

Primary alcohols upon oxidation give aldehyde and secondary alcohol give ketones.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Compound that can be reduced to alcohol should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction is the reaction which involves the gain of hydrogen species. Aldehydes are the class of organic compound that is capable of being reduced to an alcohol.

Alcohols can be oxidized to the corresponding acid and similarly, the carboxylic acid can be reduced to the corresponding alcohol.