EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.4, Problem 3MQ
Describe the recombination events that produce a mature heavy-chain gene and other somatic events that further enhance antibody diversity.
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Explain how site-specific recombination of the κ light-chain gene increases antibody diversity.
Describe the recombination events that produce a matureheavy-chain gene and other somatic events that furtherenhance antibody diversity
Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.
Chapter 27 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 27.1 - Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal...Ch. 27.1 - QWhy is it necessary that all three defining...Ch. 27.2 - Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and...Ch. 27.2 - Give an example for each: natural and artificial...Ch. 27.2 - QWhat properties are required for a vaccine to...Ch. 27.3 - Summarize antibody production starting with...Ch. 27.3 - Differentiate among antibody classes using...
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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- In addition to combinatorial joining, what other two processes play a role in antibody diversity?arrow_forwardExplain whether the antibody diversity is generated at the DNA or RNA level.arrow_forwardAntibody diversity is generated by multiple mechanisms, each of which contributes to the generation of antibodies with up to 1011 different amino acid sequences in their antigen-binding sites. Several of these mechanisms involve changes in the DNA sequences encoding the antibody heavy and light chain proteins. One mechanism that does not rely on changes to the DNA within the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene loci is, instead, dependent on: The contributions of amino acids from both the heavy chain and the light chain to form the antigen-binding site The random usage of V, D, and J gene segments to form the heavy chain V region sequence The random usage of k light chains versus l light chains to pair with the heavy chain The activity of TdT to add random nucleotides at the junctions between the V, J, and D region sequences The fact that heavy chain V regions contain an extra gene segment encoded by the D region compared to light chain V regionsarrow_forward
- Diagram the structure of an antibody. What parts bind toantigens? Why does each antibody bind only to one or afew specific antigens?arrow_forwardMice and humans with inactivating mutations in the gene encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) have an immunodeficiency disease known as 'hyper IgM type 2'. Since AID is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cytosines in the DNA to uracils, thereby initiating the process of somatic hypermutation, why do individuals with this deficiency only produce IgM antibodies?arrow_forwardB cells are specialized blood cells that secrete antibodies. Normally, human blood has millions of differenttypes of B cells making millions of different kinds ofantibody molecules. This variety occurs because, as described in the Fast Forward Box in Chapter 13 entitledProgrammed DNA Rearrangements and the ImmuneSystem, antibody genes undergo rearrangements in theprecursors of B cells. Individual B cell precursorsrearrange their antibody genes in different ways.In the blood of patients with cancers called B celllymphomas, almost all of the antibody molecules areall of one type, but this single type of antibody isdifferent in different lymphoma patients.a. Based on this information, provide a brief description of the genesis of B cell lymphomas, focusingon the cells that are overproliferating.arrow_forward
- Which domain of antibody defines its type and which domain is for specificity against antigen. Also explain the rearrangement of genes for IgA.arrow_forwardWhat is the variable region of an antibody? The hypervariable or complementarity-determining region? The constant region?arrow_forwardFor a immunoprecipitation experiment: By Observe the pellets and supernatants under UV light. Which tube contains green fluorescent protein?arrow_forward
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