EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.6, Problem 1CR

Q    Polymorphism implies that each different MHC protein binds a different peptide motif. For the MHC class I polymorphisms, how many different MHC proteins are expressed in an individual? How many by the entire human population?

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Polymorphism implies that each different MHCprotein binds a different peptide motif. For the MHCclass I polymorphisms, how many different MHCproteins are expressed in an individual? How many bythe entire human population?
In the 1980s, a mutant strain of mice was identified, carrying amino acid changes in the MHC class II gene. This mutant strain was derived from C57Bl/6 mice, which carry the H-2b haplotype. Inbred H-2b mice express only one MHC class II protein, called Ab. The mutant strain, called ‘bm12’ was found to have 3 amino acid changes in the Ab protein, at positions 67, 70, and 71 of the Aβ chain. The positions of these amino acid changes on the MHC class II structure are shown below by the red circles in Figure Q6.30A. On the right, the side view diagram of MHC class II shows the direction of these three amino acid side chains. Initial experiments with wild-type C57Bl/6 mice and bm12 mice showed that the wild-type mice made a robust CD4 T cell response after immunization with the insulin protein isolated from a cow; in contrast, the bm12 mice failed to make any detectable response to this foreign protein. Epitope mapping studies identified amino acid residues 1–14 of the bovine insulin A…
Three major cell types, dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, present peptides bound to MHC class II molecules for recognition by CD4 T cells. In general, these peptides are derived from proteins or pathogens taken up by the cell by endocytosis, phagocytosis, or macropinocytosis. Based on these pathways of antigen uptake, some of the enzymes that degrade proteins to generate peptides for MHC class II presentation are: Ubiquitin ligases that tag proteins for degradation by the proteasome ATP transporter proteins that deliver endocytic proteins into the cytosol for degradation Cysteine proteases like cathepsins that function at acidic pH The lysosomal thiol reductase found in the endosomes The lysosome-associated membrane trafficking protein, LAMP-2

Chapter 27 Solutions

EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS

Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY