Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The genotype of the smooth yellow parent.
Introduction: The law of independent assortment is the third law of
b.
To determine: The genotype of the four classes of offsprings formed in the cross.
Introduction: The alleles produced by each character in a dihybrid cross are independent to combine with each other’s
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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Determine the possible genotypes of the following parents by analyzing the phenotypes of their children. In this case, we will assume that brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue (b) and that right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r). a. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed brown eyes, right-handed Offspring: 3/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed b. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, right-handed Offspring: 6/16 blue eyes, right-handed 2/16 blue eyes, left-handed 6/16 brown eyes, right-handed 2/16 brown eyes, left-handed c. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, left-handed Offspring: 1/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 brown eyes, left-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, left-handedarrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Two traits are examined simultaneously in a cross of two pure-breeding pea-plant varieties. Pod shape can be either swollen or pinched. Pea color can be either green or yellow. A plant with the traits swollen and green is crossed with a plant with the traits pinched and yellow, and a resulting F1 plant is self-crossed. A total of 640 F2 progeny are phenotypically categorized as follows: 360 swollen yellow 120 swollen green 120 pinched yellow 40 pinched green a. What is the phenotypic ratio observed for pod shape? Pea color? b. What is the phenotypic ratio observed for both traits considered together? c. What is the dominance relationship for pod shape? Pea color? d. Deduce the genotypes of the P1 and F1 generations.arrow_forwardCrossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single Traits Stem length in pea plants is controlled by a single gene. Consider the cross of a true-breeding long-stemmed variety to a true-breeding short-stemmed variety in which long stems are completely dominant. a. If 120 F1 plants are examined, how many plants are expected to be long stemmed? Short stemmed? b. Assign genotypes to both P1 varieties and to all phenotypes listed in (a). c. A long-stemmed F1 plant is self-crossed. Of 300 F2 plants, how many should be long stemmed? Short stemmed? d. For the F2 plants mentioned in (c), what is the expected genotypic ratio?arrow_forward
- More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Consider the following cross: P1: AABBCCDDEE aabbccddee F1: AaBbCcDdEe (self-cross to get F2) What is the chance of getting an AaBBccDdee individual in the F2 generation?arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Given the following matings, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios of the offspring? a. AABb Aabb b. AaBb aabb c. AaBb AaBbarrow_forwardMendel performs a cross using a true-breeding pea plant with round, yellow seeds and a true- breeding pea plant with green, wrinkled seeds. What is the probability that offspring will have green, round seeds? Calculate the probability for the F1 and F2 generations.arrow_forward
- Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?arrow_forwardGenetic cross with independent assortment (unlinked traits). Wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these traits are each determined by single genes that are located on different Also assume that normal gray coat color (G) is dominant to black (g) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). Suppose that each parent has a normal-colored coat and brown eyes, and that both individuals are heterozygous for both traits. Use the Punnett Square below to answer the following questions: GgBb x GgBb GB Gb gB gb GB GGBB GGBb GgBB GgBb Gb GGBb GGbb GgBb Ggbb gB GgBB GgBb ggBB ggBb gb GgBb Ggbb ggBb ggbb a) From your Punnett square, how many individuals are dihybrids? b) How many individuals are both homozygous recessive for coat color and heterozygous for eye color (ggBb)? c) Fill in the blanks to state the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring:…arrow_forwardGenetic cross with dependent assortment (linked traits). Repeat the previous problem but assume that the genes are located very close to each other on the same chromosome, and are therefore always linked (passed on together). Assume that in these individuals, each chromosome contains the dominant allele for one gene and the recessive allele for the other gene. Note: this is similar to the dependent assortment example in your notes, but the linkage is different. Construct a 2x2 Punnett square, and answer the questions below: GgBb x GgBb GB Gb gB gb GB GGBB GGBb GgBB GgBb Gb GGBb GGbb GgBb Ggbb gB GgBB GgBb ggBB ggBb gb GgBb Ggbb ggBb ggbb a) From your Punnett square, how many individuals are dihybrids? b) How many individuals are both homozygous recessive for coat color and heterozygous for eye color (ggBb)? c) Fill in the blanks to state the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring:…arrow_forward
- Perform two consecutive crosses similar to those of Mendel for the following individual plants. Plants with round seeds (RR) are crossing with plants with wrinkled seeds (rr). After the first cross, cross the offspring together to generate F2 offspring. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ration of F2?arrow_forwardA common houseplant called a pothos sometimes have streaks of yellow on their green leaves. Assuming this is caused by codominance where the leaves of the plant can be green yellow (GY). What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios that would result from a cross between two heterozygous plants? (List the parental genotypes and phenotypes,List the gametes produced by each parent .Do a punnet square.(Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios)arrow_forwardMendel crossed two Pea plants for plant height and flower color Tall plant (T) is dominant to Short Plant (t). Purple Flower (P) is dominant to white flower (p). Using the following information perform the dihybrid cross using punnett squares that will predict all possible genotypes of the offspring and list the number and description of the phenotypes of the offspring. A. One plant homozygous dominant for plant height and flower color crossed with another plant homozygous recessive for plant height and heterozygous for flower color.arrow_forward
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