Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A single bond connecting an
Concept introduction:
According to the Valence bond (VB) theory, the hybridization of atomic orbitals is used to account for electron and molecular geometry around the central atom. A hybrid orbital is a combination of one or more atomic orbitals from the valence shell of an atom.
The number of hybrid orbitals required is the same as the number of electron groups. If the number of electron groups is two, two-hybrid orbitals are needed. These are formed by a combination of s and one p orbital, giving
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Chapter 3 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- Identify the hybridization of each underlined atom in the following compounds and ions: (a) B_H4 (b) H2C_=C_HC_H3 (c) BCl3arrow_forwardWhat is the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following? (a) BeH2 (b) SF6 (c) PO43 (d) PCl5arrow_forwardIn the molecular orbital mode l, compare and contrast bonds with bonds. What orbitals form the bonds and what orbitals form the bonds? Assume the z-axis is the internuclear axis.arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure for 1, 1-dimethylhydrazine [(CH3)2NNH2, a compound used as a rocket fuel]. What: is the hybridization for the two nitrogen atoms in this molecule? What orbitals overlap to form the bond between the nitrogen atoms?arrow_forwardPelargondin is the molecule responsible for the red color of the geranium flower. It also contributes to the color of ripe strawberries and raspberries. The structure of pelargondin is: How many and bonds exist in pelargondin? What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms marked 14?arrow_forwardIn propene CH3CH=CH2, the first carbon has sp3 hybrid orbitals and the second carbon has sp2 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals interact to make a bond. Why are these hybrid orbitals not orthogonal?arrow_forward
- Identify any carbon atoms that change hybridization and the change in hybridization during the reactions in Exercise 20.51.arrow_forwardIn the hybrid orbital model, compare and contrast bonds with bonds. What orbitals form the bonds and what orbitals form the bonds? Assume the z-axis is the internuclear axis.arrow_forwardIdentify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following molecule. (The arrangement of atoms is given; you need to determine how many bonds connect each pair of atoms.)arrow_forward
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