Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 30, Problem 5P
Consequences of the Wobble Hypothesis Point out why Crick’s wobble hypothesis would allow fewer than 61 anticodons to be used to translate the 61 sense codons. How might “wobble” tend to accelerate the rate of translation?
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The earliest work on the genetic code established UUU, CCC, and AAA as the codons for Phe, Pro, and Lys, respectively. Can you think of a reason why polyG was not used as a translation template in these experiments?
In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick, Barnett, Brenner, andWatts–Tobin found that either three nucleotide insertions ordeletions restored the correct reading frame.
Question: If the code were a sextuplet (consisting of six nucleotides),would the reading frame be restored by the addition or lossof three, six, or nine nucleotides?
Suppose that codons consisted of 4 nucleotides instead of 3 and that there were only 2 different bases.
How many amino acids could be encoded by this variant of the genetic code?
Chapter 30 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 30 - Prob. 1PCh. 30 - Prob. 2PCh. 30 - The Second Genetic Code Review the evidence...Ch. 30 - Codon-Anticodon Recognition: Base-Pairing...Ch. 30 - Consequences of the Wobble Hypothesis Point out...Ch. 30 - Prob. 6PCh. 30 - Prob. 7PCh. 30 - Prob. 8PCh. 30 - Prob. 9PCh. 30 - The Consequences of Ribosome Complexity Eukaryotic...
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- How many possible open reading frames (frameswithout stop codons) exist that extend through the following sequence?5′... CTTACAGTTTATTGATACGGAGAAGG...3′3′... GAATGTCAAATAACTATGCCTCTTCC...5'arrow_forwardIt is conceivable for codons encoding a single amino acid to share the first two bases while differing in the third. Why does this experimental finding support the idea of wobble?arrow_forwardIn studies of frameshift mutations, Crick, Barnett, Brenner, andWatts–Tobin found that either three nucleotide insertions ordeletions restored the correct reading frame. Question: Assuming the code is a triplet, what effect would the addition or loss of six nucleotides have on the reading frame?arrow_forward
- . Explain why a long open reading frame suggests theexistence of a protein-coding exonarrow_forwardFor each of the following sequences, rank them in order (from best to worst) as sequences that could be used to initiate translation according to Kozak’s rules. GACGCCAUGG GCCUCCAUGC GCCAUCAAGG GCCACCAUGGarrow_forwardConsider this sequence below: GAG TAC ACG AGT GGA Which of the following options is an example of a non-synonymous point mutation? (remember to translate to mRNA!) A. GAG TAC AAT CGA GTG GA B. GAG TAC ACG GGT GGA C. GAG TAC A–G AGT GGA D. GAG TAC ACG AGA GGAarrow_forward
- Explain what is meant by stating that the genetic code is triplet and nonoverlapping? What did the finding that DNA base composition varied greatly among different organisms suggest about the genetic code? How was the identity of the UUU codon established?arrow_forwardConsider the tryptophan codon 5′ - UGG - 3′ in the standard genetic code . Can a single base change in this codon create a synonymous mutation? Can a single base change in this codon create a nonsense codon?arrow_forwardIt is possible for the codons for a single amino acid to have the first two bases in common and to differ in the third base. Why is this experimental observation consistent with the concept of wobble?arrow_forward
- According to wobble rules, what codons should be recognized by the following anticodons? What amino acid residues do these correspond to?(a) 5′ ¬ICC ¬ 3′ (b) 5′ ¬GCU ¬3′arrow_forwardExplain why a long open reading frame would suggest the existence of a protein-coding exon?arrow_forwardThe solution to question 13 of Chapter 11 in the Human Heredity textbook says an insertion of 3 nucleotides is considered a frameshift mutation. However, the sequence is read by 3 codons per amino acid, so an insertion of 3 would not change the correct reading of any of the other amino acids. Is this solution incorrect?arrow_forward
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