Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 33, Problem 4CHI
Conservation of
Recalling what mitochondria do for the cell, what would you deduce mitochondria do to detect and announce danger to the cell?
What types of experiments could you do to test your hypothesis?
Why would an “ancient” signaling process be used for such an important function?
Read the original paper: Tschopp, Jurg. 2011. Mitochondria: Sovereign of inflammation? Eur. J. Immunol. 41:1196.
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a) At the organelle/molecular level inside a mitochondrion, wWhy do cells engaged in aerobic cellular respiration need O2? At what points during aerobic cellular resp is CO2 released?
b) O2 and CO2 do not dissolve in water easily but cells must be moist to have functional phospholipid bilayers. For air breathers, moist lungs might collapse and stick together so what prevents this?
c) Aquatic animals contend with the relatively lower O2 levels in water, but at least they don’t have to deal with ventilating lung. Complex gills like in fish maximize O2 exchange with a counter-current system ensuring there is always a gradient between the water and the blood. How does this ensure there is always a gradient between the water and the blood? (many people mix this up so think carefully)
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and feature a double membrane. A mutation was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster that prevented the formation of cristae in mitochondria. Which of the following would the researchers observe in Drosophila with this mutation?
H+ ions could not be pumped into the intermembrane space.
The components of the respiratory chain would not colocalize efficiently.
NADH2 could not be transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria.
Proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm would not be able to enter the mitochondria.
i and ii
i and iv
ii and iii
iii and iv
While eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells, metabolic
requirements place upper limits on how large eukaryotic cells can become.
Which of the following statements does not accurately describe this?
As multicellular organisms grow in size, they do not have larger cells; rather, they have
a larger number of cells.
As a cell increases in size, the surface area grows faster than volume.
If a cell is too large, there will not be enough surface area for the exchange or
elimination of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes.
The surface area to volume ratio must remain as large as possible
Chapter 33 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 1RIACh. 33.1 - Compare and contrast the adaptive and innate...Ch. 33.2 - Why is the skin such a good first line of defense...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 2RIACh. 33.2 - Prob. 3RIACh. 33.3 - What strategies could a Gram-negative bacterium...Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1.1RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 1.4RIA
Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1.5RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 2.1RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 33.3 - How might acute-phase reactants assist in pathogen...Ch. 33.4 - For what does the dendritic cell use its cellular...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 2MICh. 33.4 - Describe the structure and function of each of the...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 33.4 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 33.4 - What is a plasma cell?Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 33.4 - Discuss the role of NK cells in protecting the...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 3.1RIACh. 33.4 - Injury to the spleen can lead to its removal. What...Ch. 33.4 - Describe SALT and MALT functions in innate...Ch. 33.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 33.5 - Prob. 2RIACh. 33.5 - How do macrophages and dendritic cells become...Ch. 33.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 33.6 - Prob. 1RIACh. 33.6 - How does chronic inflammation differ from acute...Ch. 33 - Some pathogens invade cells; others invade tissue...Ch. 33 - How might the various antimicrobial chemical...Ch. 33 - How might a scientist use selective gene knockouts...Ch. 33 - Conservation of resources is a common theme in...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Using the concepts of endo- and exo-cytosis explain the origin of the mitochondria. Include a drawingarrow_forwardYou are required to design a carbon-based, eukaryotic, unicellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles that match those on Earth. Describe specific structures and components that you would include in the cell wall, plasma membrane and internal cell membranes of your cell that would assist the cell's survival in the low temperatures and high pressure experienced on Kepler-28d.arrow_forwardInsulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures in the endomembrane system through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell? rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane rough ER, transport vesicles, cell membrane rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membranearrow_forward
- Survival of a eukaryotic cell without mitochondria is feasible, why?arrow_forwardTrue or False Cell walls are present in the cells of archaea, bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants only. Photosynthetic unicellular prokaryotes such as Oscillatoria exhibit a green color when viewed under a microscope because of the presence of numerous chloroplasts. The nuclear membrane is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus and is continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum.arrow_forwardCa2+-ATPases are integral membrane proteins. They are active transport mechanisms that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to pump calcium ions across the membrane. A specific form of Ca2+-ATPase, ERCA, is located on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In which direction does ERCA transport calcium ions? a.) ERCA transports calcium ions from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. b.) ERCA transports calcium ions from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.arrow_forward
- What does the presence of many mitochondria imply about a cell’s energy requirements?arrow_forwardThink about the Arctic flounder that lives in cold Arctic waters and the Arabian camel that lives in hot deserts. How might these Arctic flounder and Arabian camel modify the lipid composition of their cellular membranes to withstand their respective environments? Also, how would these modifications relate to the transition temperature of the lipid bilayer? And how could such adaptations affect the function of proteins within the membrane and the overall performance of the cell?arrow_forwardWhy is the inner membrane of the mitochondria folded? increases volume increases surface area increases area increases diameterarrow_forward
- Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria? They: A) have two membranes. B) are the site of cellular aerobic respiration. C) have a true nucleus. D) contain their own DNA and ribosomes. E) the material inside their inner membrane (the cellular matrix) is their own cytoplasm.arrow_forwardWhat cellular organelle is the final destination of oxygen? A. Left B. Middle C. Right D. Nucleus E. Plasma Membrane F. Golgi G. Mitochondrion H .Endoplasmic Reticulumarrow_forwardComplex interactions between various macromolecules dictate the cellular and organismal outcomes seen in biology. Pick one of the following examples two biological processes or molecules which interact in a complex and opposite mechanisms to control an aspect of cellular biology. Describe the difference between these two processes and explain how they interact to provide the delicate balance in the cell, as suggested below. If this balance is not maintained, what would be the cellular and organismal effects? Examples to choose from: Metabolic production of protein polymers is offset by the descructive actions of the lysosome Mitochondrial flux produces cellular energy currency, but produces ROS in the cytosol AMP and ATP interact with phosphofructokinase to affect the progression of substrates through glycolysis ATPase allows protons to diffuse across the mitochondrial inner membrane while protons are continually pumped out through respiratory chain protein actionarrow_forward
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