BIOCHEMISTRY W/1 TERM ACHEIVE ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319425746
Author: BERG
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 35, Problem 4P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for the lack of response of mouse towards LPS should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The TLRs are the toll-like receptors that play an important role in the innate responses of the immune system. They are membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors. LPS is a lipopolysaccharide that forms the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria.
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The figure shows the number of cells that have clusters of IRE1 molecules after those cells are treated with various levels of thapsigargin (Tg), a chemical that can induce ER stress. IRE1 can form these clusters when ER stress is induced and this clustering can cause activation of RNAse activity in IRE1. In this experiment, normal IRE1 was used (IRE1α) that can bind to Sec61, along with a modified version of IRE1 that binds to Sec61 more weakly than normal IRE1 (wIRE1α), and another modified version that binds to Sec61 more strongly than normal IRE1 (sIRE1α). From this figure you can conclude that:
Question 18 options:
IRE1 binding to Sec61 promotes the formation of IRE1 clumps
IRE1 binding to Sec61 prevents the formation of IRE1 clumps
co-translational translocation is a key process
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Please help me with this question. PLEase give me the right answer and for number 2 WRITE AT LEAST A PARAGRAPGH and dont copy from internet.
Inducers and Inhibitors of AEP.
Short peptides such as legumain stabilization and activity modulation (LSAM) domain and αvβ3 integrin could enhance the activity of AEP. LSAM domain known as the prodomain of AEP blocks substrate binding before activation. This prodomain has a helical structure and two independent peptides. One is an activation peptide (AP, K287 to N323), and the other is a LSAM domain. LSAM domain remains even after AP is cleaved and released from protease at neutral pH via electrostatic interaction. AEP without LSAM domain has a lower melting temperature than AEP with LSAM domain [77, 117]. Another short peptide, αvβ3 integrin, can directly interact with AEP, and after forming a complex, the optimal pH for AEP activity is increased from 5.5 to 6.0. It indicates that αvβ3 binding could induce conformational stabilization of AEP accompanied by deprotonated C189. αvβ3 does not directly interact with the AEP active site; however, AEP docks to the αvβ3 RGD-binding site…
Chapter 35 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY W/1 TERM ACHEIVE ACCESS
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- Cell signaling. The ER doctors gave a patient an injection of epinephrine to increase his heart rate and blood pressure. The heart rate and blood pressure went up but not enough. The second dose of the same drug seemed not to have an effect. What do you think may be a possible explanation for this result?arrow_forwardCold-Reacting Autoantibodies. Most adult sera contain low titers of cold-reacting autoantibodies, most notably autoanti-I, autoanti-H, and autoanti-IH. These antibodies are usually IgM and of no clinical significance. They are troublesome in that they may interfere with the detection of significant antibodies, resulting in prolonged workups and delayed transfusions.Cold-reacting autoantibodies may be suspected when the screen cells, panel cells, and the autocontrol areall positive at the immediate spin phase and reactivity gets weaker or disappears with incubation at 37°C (Fig. 9–18).Certain cold autoantibodies activate complement and may be detected at the AHG phase when using complement-containing AHG reagent. These autoanti- bodies may be mistaken for weakly reacting IgG antibodies.Although it is not usually necessary to determine the specificity of the cold autoantibody, testing against additional cells may confirm its presence. Cord blood cells that lack the I antigen are of…arrow_forwardPlease don't copy. Give me correct answer.arrow_forward
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