Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 37, Problem 3TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: An organism’s response to an external or an internal stimulus is known as its behavior. Plant movement is one of the examples of plant behaviour. The plants respond to stimulus such as light, gravity, and sometimes touch. Plant hormones are employed to provide response to a stimulus. Some of the examples of plant hormones are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids.
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The same signal can have different effects in different cells because there
a. are different receptor subtypes that initiate different signal transduction pathways.
b. may be different coactivators in different cells.
c. may be different target proteins in different cells’ signal transduction pathways.
d. All of the choices are correct.
One advantage chemical signaling has over electrical signaling is thata. reaction to stimuli can happen very quickly.b. although it takes large amounts of chemicals, the chemical signals are efficient.c. chemical signals stick around longer than electrical signals and can be used for slow processes.d. chemical signals are used in response to external and internal stimuli.
What event is common to ALL signal transduction pathways?
A)
Calcium ions bind to/ activate proteins.
B)
Cyclic nucleotides are formed.
C)
Proteins change in shape.
D)
Phosphates are transferred between molecules.
E)
Protons are transferred between molecules.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1EQCh. 37.2 - Prob. 2EQCh. 37.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - What would happen if you gave flowering plants a...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 37 - Prob. 1TYCh. 37 - Prob. 2TYCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYCh. 37 - Thigmotropism is a plant response to a. light. b....Ch. 37 - Which response is an adaptation to flooding? a....Ch. 37 - Prob. 9TYCh. 37 - Prob. 10TYCh. 37 - Prob. 1CQCh. 37 - Why do plants produce so many types of resistance...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CQCh. 37 - Prob. 1COQCh. 37 - Prob. 2COQ
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- 1. A mutation was introduced to the active site of the enzyme in a receptor tyrosine kinase so that it remains active in the absence of a substrate. What is the effect of this mutation on the signal transductionpathway?A. The phosphatase activity of the enzyme will be activated which will lead to receptor dimerization and subsequent cellular response.B. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor and dimerization will occur but the subsequent cellular response will be inhibited.C. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor but dimerization and subsequent cellular response will be inhibited.D. The signal molecule will bind to the receptor which will then triggers receptor dimerization and downstream cellular response. 2. Which of the following is not an advantage of non-coding regions of DNA?A. Some of these regions contain inactivated genes that can be reactivated upon insertion of regulatory sequences by mobile DNA elements.B. Some of these regions protect eukaryotic DNA from…arrow_forwardDuring signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzymecatalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMParrow_forwardAmplification of a chemical signal occurs when? a. phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase receptors is balanced by the immediate removal of phosphate groups by phosphatases b. a receptor in the plasma membrane activates several “first messenger” molecules while a signal molecule is bound to it c. a cAMP molecule activates one protein kinase molecule before being converted to AMP d. a receptor activates a single first messenger and a single second messengerarrow_forward
- Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling moleculesinto signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cellsarrow_forwardDescribe the four phases of signal transduction in living organisms.arrow_forwardYou stimulated the cell with a ligand and analyzed the response. Upon ligand treatment, the cell increased the expression of gene α and decreased expression of gene β. When you inhibit cyclic AMP production by treating the cell with an inhibitor of Adenylyl cyclase, the increased expression of gene α was not observed but the decrease gene β expression was still observed. a) What you can expect for gene α regulation by this ligand? What signaling mechanism could be used? b) To determine how gene β is regulated by the ligand via what signaling mechanism, provide your hypothesis and indicate a potential experiment that you can perform to test that.arrow_forward
- Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forwardHow is the response to a signal regulated? Why is it often specific? Expain step by step in simple words please.arrow_forwardDuring signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMParrow_forward
- Drugs and other medicine uses the concept of signaling. Cite some drugs how they mimic natural signal molecules. EXPLAIN EXTRENSIVELYarrow_forwardExplain whether the specificity of interaction will be high or low for each given situation. a. The value of KD of the ligand's interaction to the target receptor is very much lower than the value of KD of the ligand's interaction to off-targets. b. The ligand concentration [L] is higher than the KD value of its interaction with the target and the KD value of its interaction to off-targets.arrow_forwardExplain in your own words the mechanism of signal transduction?arrow_forward
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