Interpretation:
The primer that can be used when a reverse transcriptase activity is supposed to be assayed where polyriboadenylate is in the template needs to be determined. Also, the radioactive
Concept introduction:
Primer is a single strand of
In order to perform the polymerase chain reaction, these DNA primres are commonly used to copy pieces. Shellac primers based on oil, latex and pigmented are three different types of primers
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- show your rationale How many RT-PCR products generated from 13 copies of mRNA (= cDNA) from 33 PCR amplification cycles? What was the original starting number of mRNA molecules if after 36 PCR cycles, the reaction had generated 996,432,412,672 copies?arrow_forwardPart 4. Putting It Together 1) Consider the diagram below as well as the given information. This diagram represents a piece of circular DNA which was cut in 4 separate reactions (4 different test tubes, each with some of this DNA in it). One digest was done with AvaI, another with ClaI, a third with EcoRV, and a fourth with ScaI. The locations of the recognition sequences for each restriction enzyme are shown along with the location of that site in bp along the circle (it goes clockwise from position 1). You run an agarose gel with a molecular weight marker in the first lane, the AvaI digest in lane 2, the ClaI digest in lane 3, the EcoRV digest in lane 4, and the ScaI digest in lane 5. a) Use the space below and draw out the agarose gel described above. Use your drawing to answer the next questions. b) How many bands of DNA are there in lane 3? c) How many bands of DNA are there in lane 5? d) There would be 2 bands of DNA in lane 4. How big are they? e) Which lane…arrow_forwardRestriction sites of Lambda (A) DNA - In base pairs (bp) The sites at which each of the 3 different enzymes will cut the same strand of lambda DNA are shown in the maps (see figure 3 B-D), each vertical line on the map is where the respective enzymes will cut. A DNA A (bp) 48502 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 9162 17 198 B Sal I 7059 14 885 28 338 35 603 42 900 (bp) Hae III 11 826 21 935 29 341 38 016 (bp) 11648 29,624 Eco R1 (bp) 10 592 16 246 28 915 41 864 Figure 3: Restrictrion site map showing the following A) inear DNA that is not cut as reference B) DNA CLt with Sal L C) DNA cut with Hae , D) DNA cut with Eco RI 1. Calculate the size of the resulting fragments as they will occur after digestion and write the sizes on the maps below. Note that linear DNA has a total size of 48 502 bp (see figure 3A). Page 3 of 7 9162 17 198 Sal i (bp) 7059 14 885 28 338 35 603 42 900 Hae I (bp) 11 826 21 935 29 341 38 016 11648 29,624 Eco R1 (bp) 10 592 16 246 28 915 41 864arrow_forward
- Please answer this asap. Thanks, You have discovered a new plasmid RK21 in a unique bacterial community. As a first step towardunderstanding this plasmid, you digest the plasmid with three restriction enzymes: SspI, XhoI andSmaI. You run the digested plasmid DNA on an agarose gel, along with an uncut sample of theRK21 plasmid DNA as a control.Unfortunately you forget to load a DNA ladder, and obtain the following results. Assumecomplete digestion of all samples or all the digests worked completelyarrow_forwardWhy DNA melting is required in PCR? Briefly explain how PCR can be used to detect DNA mutation.arrow_forwardImage 1. Which 2 primers from the choices provided would work to amplify the DNA sequence given below ? 5’ACTGAGTCCATGCGATCATGACTAT 3’ 3’TGACTCAGGTACGCTAGTACTGATA 5’ this is a hypothetical example. In a real experiment Choose 5’ TGAC 3’ 5’ CTAT 3’ 5’ ACTG 3’ 5’ ATAG 3’ Image2. the template strand?The results of a gel-based sequencing experiment are shown below. What is the sequence, written Only include nucleotides (no spaces or numbers )arrow_forward
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was invented by Kary Mullis in 1983. This technique had indeed facilitated research in various areas of molecular biology and genetics. Why is the annealing temperature vital in this technique? Explain how annealing temperature will affect the efficiency of this reaction.arrow_forwardRestriction digestion and Gel electrophoresis: A single strand of a double-stranded DNA sequence is shown below. Draw a complementary DNA strand and show the restriction digestion pattern of the double-stranded DNA with BamHI and Pst1. Show the separation pattern of the undigested and the digested DNA on your agarose gel. Label the gel appropriately. 5’ – CGAGCATTTGGATCCTGTGCAATCTGCAGTGCGAT – 3’arrow_forwardAnalyzing Cloned Sequences What kind of information can a DNA sequence provide to a researcher studying a disease-causing gene?arrow_forward
- Genetically Modified Foods The creation of transgenic crop plants using recombinant DNA methods involves the transfer of just one gene or a small number of genes to the plants, in contrast to classical breeding methods in which hundreds or even thousands of genes are transferred at once. Explain why this is true. If fewer genes are transferred during the creation of transgenic crops, why are some people afraid that they are dangerous?arrow_forwardCorrect! You perform a Sanger sequencing reaction. The template strand is: 5' ATCGAAC 3' However, you make a mistake and forget to add any dGTP. What is the most likely outcome? You will get a single band representing a 1-nucleotide product in the G lane. You will get no bands in the G lane. You will get a single band representing a 7-nucleotide product in the G lane. You will get a single band representing a 3-nucleotide product in the G lane. You will get two bands representing 1- and 5-nucleotide products in the G lane.arrow_forwardYou have another circular plasmid. Complete and effective digestion of this plasmid with a restriction enzyme yields three bands: 4kb, 2kb, and 1 kb. In comparing the band intensity on an ethidium bromide-stained gel, you notice that the 4 kb and the 2 kb bands have the exact same brightness. The 1 kb band is exactly one fourth as bright as each of these. (Assume there is uniform staining with ethidium bromide throughout the gel.) How many times did the enzyme cut the plasmid? What is the size of the plasmid? Justify your answers to a and b above using a clearly labeled diagram showing the relative location of the cut-sites on the plasmid.arrow_forward
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