Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is zero.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
This compound has all single bonds and is a saturated compound. There are no double bonds, triple bonds, or rings in the molecule. Each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms via single bonds. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is zero.
The index of hydrogen deficiency for a saturated compound is zero.
(b)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is one.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one double bond in its structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. The given structure does not contain triple bonds and rings. Thus, for this compound, the index of hydrogen deficiency is 1.
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(c)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is three.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one triple bond in its structure. Each triple bond contributes 2 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There is one ring in the structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, for this compound, the index of hydrogen deficiency is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(d)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is four.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one ring in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are three double bonds in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(e)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is one.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one ring in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are no double bonds and triple bonds in the structure. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is 1.
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(f)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is four.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has two rings in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are two double bonds in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(g)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is five.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has two rings in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are three double bonds in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(h)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is five.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has no rings in its structure. There is one double bond in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are two triple bonds in the structure. Each triple bond contributes 2 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms: Study Guide/solutions Manual (second)
- Consider the molecule 1-bromo-2-methylbutane. C3 and C4 should be drawn as Et as in theexample. This group is called an ethyl group and can be considered a sphere about twice the sizeof a methyl group. Draw the following Newman projections sighting down the C1C2 bond... a. The lowest potential energy conformation. b. The highest potential energy staggered conformation.arrow_forwardDraw the most stable AND most unstable conformations of the following molecules. Briefly explain'your answer. Note, for linear structures looking at rotation around the bond depicted in red. Br но HNarrow_forwardSee attached question.arrow_forward
- Identify how many degrees of unsaturation are present in each of the following molecules, based on the chemical formula. Then, draw three different molecules for each formula C6H7NOarrow_forwardDraw the most stable chain conformation for the following cyclohexane moleculesarrow_forwardwhich of the following structures in order of increasing heat of combustion per carbon.arrow_forward
- Compare the relative conformational energydiagrams of ethane and propane.arrow_forwardStrain of one Strain of one 1,3-diaxial interaction 1,3-diaxial interaction Strain of one 1,3-diaxial interaction H X Ph (C6H5) CO,H CN F 0.12 Me 0.9 1.5 Cl 0.7 0.1 0.25 Et 0.95 Br 0.25 i-Pr 1.1 OH 0.5 t-Bu 2.7arrow_forwardAnswer the questions about the molecule shown here. H Br This molecule is shown in its most stable conformation. True False (response not displayed)arrow_forward
- Look at the model of chloroethane. a) Do all chloroethane molecules spend all of their time in this preferred conformation? Explain why or why not. b) What is the preferred conformation called?arrow_forwardPredict the most stable conformation for each of the following molecules. Brietly explain why your conformer is the more stable conformation. a) b) OH OHarrow_forwardProvide the systematic (IUPAC) name for each of the following compoundsarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning