Chapter 4, Problem 4.75EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of carboxylic acid that is formed from the aldehyde when it undergoes oxidation has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds increase and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds decrease and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction.  This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom.  Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction.  Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product.  Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of carboxylic acid that is formed from the aldehyde when it undergoes oxidation has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds increase and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds decrease and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction.  This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom.  Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction.  Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product.  Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of carboxylic acid that is formed from the aldehyde when it undergoes oxidation has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds increase and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds decrease and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction.  This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom.  Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction.  Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product.  Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of carboxylic acid that is formed from the aldehyde when it undergoes oxidation has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds increase and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number $\text{C}-\text{O}$ bonds decrease and/or number of $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction.  This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom.  Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction.  Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product.  Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.