Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 40, Problem 13PIAT
PROCESS OF SCIENCE Why did the scientists do this experiment in a laboratory instead of simply collecting fish from a river with high aluminum levels and documenting their osmoregulatory ability?
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A scientist interested in studying aquaporins plans to examine the different parts of mammalian nephrons in which large numbers of aquaporins can be found. This researcher would NOT choose to examine the…
Which mechanism of osmoregulation is shared by sharks and hagfish?
the osmolarity of their plasma is about the same as that of sea water
both are osmoregulators
both excrete all of their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid
both drink large amounts of fresh water to avoid desiccation (drying out)
I know marine mussels are osmoregulators but if you but them in a very very very salty enviorment would it bad for them or would they still be okay?
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 40 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - 3. What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH)...Ch. 40 - Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - 8. Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 11PIAT
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- Based on the physical laws of evaporation, explain why the highbody temperatures of mammals and birds make them prone tohaving higher rates of evaporative water loss than poikilothermicterrestrial vertebrates with lower body temperatures.arrow_forwardQUESTION 3 Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron? To decrease blood pressure To decrease osmolarity inside the nephron To increase passive reabsorption of water To make urine less concentratedarrow_forwardSharks live in marine (saltwater) habitats and are osmoconformers. Based on this information which of the following is/are true (select all that apply): A. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are isoosmotic relative to the environment B. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are hypoosmotic relative to the environment C. Sharks devote considerable energy to osmoregulation D. Sharks do not devote much energy to osmoregulationarrow_forward
- The bodily fluids of freshwater fish contain higher concentration of dissolved solids in their surroundings, so they tend to bloat (take in water) or lose electrolytes. How can freshwater fish avoid this? 1.) By drinking lots of water? 2.) By actively transporting ions out from the gills into the water? 3.) by excreting highly concentrated urine? 4.) by resorbing ions in nephronsarrow_forwardThe principle of dialysis is employed in artificial kidneys. How do you think this dialysis works?arrow_forwardWhat does the hormone ADH (vasopressin) do to the nephrons in the kidney? 1-ADH constricts the renal tubules so that less fluid is excreted 2-ADH results in dehydration of the arterial blood 3-ADH constricts the renal tubules so that more fluid is excreted 4-ADH results in the addition of aquaporins in cells at specific regions of the nephronarrow_forward
- The process of managing internal water/solute balance is known as: Hydrometering Osmoregulation Hydromation Fluid dynamics Aquamarinearrow_forwarda) The process by which salmon maintain an internal balance is called osmoregulation. Describe how salmon achieve osmoregulation as they migrate between fresh and saltwater environments. b) Describe what happens to salmon in fresh water. What direction do solutes tend to move via diffusion? What direction does water tend to move via osmosis?arrow_forwardThe kidneys of different species of amniotes differ widely in their ability to concentrate the urine. What determines the maximum osmolarity of the urine an animal's kidney can produce? Explain why. (not to long)arrow_forward
- The diagram below of part of a nephron shows some of the pressure gradients that are involved in the movement of fluids from blood to the glomerular filtrate within the Bowman's capsule. The numbers represent hydrostatic pressure in kPA. Afferent arteriole (9.32) Glomerulus Efferent arteriole (2.34) -Bowman's caps Colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma in the glomerular capillaries (4.26) Net fitration Distal convoluted Proximal convoluted tubule tubule (1.33)arrow_forwardProduction of any sort of nitrogenous waste other than ammonia costs energy. Name at least three distinctly different advantages an animal might gain by investing in production of urea or uric acid.arrow_forwardThe osmotic concentration of seawater is approximately 1,000 mOsmol L-¹. Which of the following marine vertebrates can drink seawater without becoming dehydrated? A. A bony fish such as the flounder (maximum urine osmolarity = 340 mOsmol L-¹) B. A marine bird such as an albatross (maximum urine osmolarity ≈ 640 mOsmol L-¹) C. A marine reptile such as a loggerhead turtle (maximum urine osmolarity ≈ 320 mOsmol L-¹) D. A marine mammal such as a whale (maximum urine osmolarity ≈ 1,920 mOsmol L-¹) E. All of the abovearrow_forward
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