Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 40, Problem 8TYU
Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates tend to be osmoconformers, while freshwater invertebrates tend to be osmoregulators. Suggest an explanation for this phenomenon.
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a) The process by which salmon maintain an internal
balance is called osmoregulation. Describe how
salmon achieve osmoregulation as they migrate
between fresh and saltwater environments.
b) Describe what happens to salmon in fresh water.
What direction do solutes tend to move via diffusion?
What direction does water tend to move via osmosis?
If osmoregulatory hypotonic fish species are generally bony fish and osmoregulatory hypertonic fish species are generally soft and absorbent. Does it mean the reason for them being soft or bony from an evolutionary standpoint gives reason to why they are formed that way?
Basically what I'm trying to ask is whether they are hypotonic or hypertonic, does it have a correlation to why they are bony or muscular like in structure.
Sharks live in marine (saltwater) habitats and are osmoconformers. Based on this information which of the following is/are true (select all that apply): A. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are isoosmotic relative to the environment B. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are hypoosmotic relative to the environment C. Sharks devote considerable energy to osmoregulation D. Sharks do not devote much energy to osmoregulation
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 40 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - 3. What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH)...Ch. 40 - Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - 8. Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 11PIAT
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- Name two animals that are osmoconformers and twothat are osmoregulators. Explain the difference betweenthe two types of animalarrow_forwardExplain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater and saltwater fish.arrow_forwardSome animals are osmoconformers, meaning that they maintain the tonicity/osmolarity of their body fluids equal to that of the external environment. Hydroids, a type of cnidarian, are osmoconformers. But they don't move and thus are adapted to the environment they live in. A) What would happen if you take a marine hydroid and transfer it into a freshwater aquarium? B) What would happen if you take a freshwater hydroid and transfer it into a saltwater aquarium? C) Sharks are extraordinary osmoconformers. Bull sharks store urea in their tissues and use it to match the tonicity of their tissues to that of the surrounding environment. Some sharks can move from saltwater to freshwater, hypothesize what changes will sharks do in order to adjust when moving from saltwater to freshwater and vice versa. Explain your answer in terms of tonicity and specify the direction of water movement and urea concentration.arrow_forward
- Contrast osmoconformers and osmoregulators.arrow_forwardDescribe one adaptation for osmoregulation in freshwater animals, saltwater animals, and saltwater plants.arrow_forwardYoung downstream salmon migrants moving from their freshwater natal streams into the sea leave an environment nearly free of salt to enter one containing three times as much salt as their body fluids. Describe osmotic challenges of each environment and suggest phys-iological adjustments salmon must make in moving from freshwater to the seaarrow_forward
- Which mechanism of osmoregulation is shared by sharks and hagfish? the osmolarity of their plasma is about the same as that of sea water both are osmoregulators both excrete all of their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid both drink large amounts of fresh water to avoid desiccation (drying out)arrow_forwardA marine invertebrate such as the anemone is described as an 1.) Osmoregulator 2.) Osmomanipulator 3.) Osmoconformer 4.) Osmosupressor 5.) Osmodictatorarrow_forwardYou said that " However, if the salinity level is too extreme or the exposure is prolonged, it could lead to cellular damage and potentially death. In summary, while marine mussels are adapted to live in a hypertonic environment and are osmoregulators, exposure to extremely high salinity levels could still be harmful to them." Where are you finding this I can't seem to find this on the internet do you have a research paper to show this. Thank you for your help and timearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about osmoregulation is true? a. In freshwater invertebrates, salts move out of the body into the water because the animal is hypoosmotic to the water. b. A marine teleost has to fight gaining water because it is isoosmotic to the sea. c. Most land animals are osmoconformers. d. Vertebrates are usually osmoregulators. e. Terrestrial animals can regulate their osmolarity withoutexpending energy.arrow_forwardCompare the osmoregulatory problems and adaptations of a hypo-osmotic shallow marine fish, a hyperosmotic freshwater fish, a deep-sea fish, a salmon, and a terrestrial vertebratearrow_forwardWhy aren’t any freshwater animals osmoconformers?arrow_forward
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