Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 40, Problem 9TYPSS
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The aquaporins are the channel proteins present in the plasma membrane of the cells that form pores for the passage of water.
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How would one describe insensible water loss, such as loss from the lungs?
A. this type of water loss is the reason for most body water loss
B. this helps to maintain a constant fluid balance in humans
C. this water loss cannot be altered as needed by an organism
D. this has the greatest affect on electrolyte balance in humans
On average, the greatest loss of water from the human body occurs by:
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A. perspiration
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Which of the following hormones helps to balance Ca2+ in the blood?
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ADH & aldosterone
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insulin & glucagon
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If plasma osmolarity increases to 380 mOsM, what would likely happen to the plasma concentrations of ADH and the reabsorption of water from the kidneys?
a.
Plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water decreases
b.
Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water decreases
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Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water does not change
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Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water increases
e.
Plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water increases
Which of the following is a component of filtrate but not normally a component of urine? a. water b. erythrocytes c. nitrogenous waste d. glucose
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 40 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - 3. What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH)...Ch. 40 - Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - 8. Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 11PIAT
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- Which of these ions is used to symport amino acids, glucose, and othersolutes through the apical membrane of tubule cells?a. K+ b. Na+ c. C− d. Ca2+ e. Mg2+arrow_forwardHigh excretion of sodium through the kidneys can cause? a. Low plasma osmolanity, low urine osmolarity b. Low plasma osmotarity, high urine osmolarity c. High plasma osmolarity, low unine osmolanty d. High plasma osmolarity high urine osmolarityarrow_forwardA young man has burns over 25% of his body, destroying his cells. Which electrolyte is released from the damaged cells, resulting in elevated blood plasma levels? Results from the lab would indicate elevated levels of this common intracellular electrolyte. a. Ca2+ b. K+ c. Na+ d. Cl–arrow_forward
- The major role of this electrolyte is to maintain osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid (ECF). a. HCO3– b. Ca2+ c. Na+ d. K+arrow_forwardWhich of these statements regarding an increase in blood osmolality is true? a. It can occur as a result of dehydration. b. It causes a decrease in blood osmotic pressure. c. It is accompanied by a decrease in ADH secretion. d. All of these are true.arrow_forwardMany caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks have diuretic effects on the body. Why do caffeinated beverages increase the volume of urine? Select one: a. Caffeine increases ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. b. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. c. Caffeine increases ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. d. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Analysis of urine is routinely used in medical screening. The presence of glucose in the urine is normally a sign of concern. Why is glucose normally NOT found in urine? A. Glucose is too large to be included in the glomerular filtrate. B. Glucose is too small to be included in the glomerular filtrate. C. Glucose is reabsorbed in the cortex of the kidney. D. Glucose is secreted in the cortex of the kidney.arrow_forwardChoose which of the following substances would be too large to be filtered from the blood into the nephron. a. Urea b. Simple sugars c. Proteins d. Blood cells e. Amino acids f. Electrolytes such as saltsarrow_forwardWhat sets the concentration gradient for solute reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule? a. Chloride transport b. Sodium transport c. Water transport d. Glucose transportarrow_forward
- Which transport action in the proximal tubule would take place if the body needed to increase the blood pH? A. secrete HCO3– B. secrete H+ C. reabsorb Na+ D. reabsorb K+ E. None of the above answer choices correctly answers the question.arrow_forwardwhich of the following correctly shows the order in which the filtrate moves through the structures of the nephron? a. proximal tubule - distal tubule - collecting duct - loop of Henle b. collecting duct - loop of Henle - proximal tubule - distal tubule c. distal tubule - loop of Henle - proximal tubule - collecting duct d. proximal tubule - loop of Henle - distal tubule - collecting ductarrow_forwardA patient has been vomiting for the last 3 days and has an abnormally low respiratory rate. a. Why do you think they have a low respiratory rate? b. What do you think has happened to the ECF volume and osmolarity over the last 3 days? c. Will this lead to any changes in the volume of water in their cells?arrow_forward
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