Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 13PIAT
As shown by the graph in Question 11, BTX depolarizes the membrane and prevents repolarization. What effect would this have on electrical signaling by the nervous system?
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Chapter 43 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 43 - In a neuron, what creates the electrochemical...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Explain the difference between a ligand-gated K+...Ch. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 43 - Alzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 43 - Prob. 12PIAT
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- Describe three ways in which a gradual increase inan extracellular signal can be sharpened by the target cellto produce an abrupt or nearly all-or-none response.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast GPCR and RTK receptors with respect to (a)structure (especially the transmembrane region), (b) activation mechanism, and (c) initial signal transduction across the membrane.arrow_forwardGiven the existence of leak channels for both K and Na , could the membrane repolarize C688 if the voltage-gated K channels did not exist?arrow_forward
- Describe the process of Signaling by Receptors That Are Ligand-Gated IonChannels?arrow_forwardIn many organisms, the central nervous system relies on specialized cells called neurons to propagate an electrochemical signal along the axon of each neuron. The propagation of this signal relies on the sodium-potassium pump, a membrane-bound protein that alter- natingly moves three sodium ions outside of the cell against the concentration gradient and moves two potassium ions into the cell along the concentration gradient. Based on the information above, which is most likely true about the sodium-potassium pump? A B с D It requires ATP to move the sodium ions outside of the cell and to move potassium ions into the cell. It requires ATP to move the potassium ions into the cell. It requires ATP to move the sodium ions outside of the cell against the concentration gradient. It does not require ATP to move the sodium ions outside of the cell or to move potas- sium ions into the cell.arrow_forwardSecond-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)arrow_forward
- Each cell in a multicellular animal is programmed to respond to a specific set of extracellular signal molecules produced by other cells. Explain why and how?arrow_forwardYou are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…arrow_forwardThe G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.arrow_forward
- Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium. They have an important role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelin activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ETA or ETB on a target cell. Which subunit of heterotrimeric G protein is released when the receptor is activated? a.) gamme b.) beta c.) alphaarrow_forwardwhen kidney cells secrete low levels of oxygen in the blood they secrete erythropoietin. in this particular signaling pathway (response to low oxygen) the secretion of erythropoietin represents which step of the signal transdution process?arrow_forward7. A) What effect does the compound GppNHp, when applied to the inside of a cell during whole cell patch clamp recording, have on Cav2 channels at presynaptic terminals? B) What is the mechanism by which this compound affects G-protein signaling and Ca√2 channel activity? B. A.arrow_forward
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