Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The changes in the neuron, either short-term or long-term, can be achieved through one of the three processes mentioned below:
Structural changes in the synapses.
Chemical changes.
Changes in the number of receptors.
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The fact that synaptogenesis happens at different ages in different areas of the brain differs, helps to explain:
a. The purpose of arborization
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c. Why vocabulary development occurs earlier than impulse control
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What evidence led Sherrington to conclude that transmission at a synapse is different from transmission along an axon? a. Chemicals that alter a synapse are different from those that affect action potentials. b. The velocity of a reflex is slower than the velocity of an action potential. c. Stains and microscopic observations demonstrate a gap at the synapse. d. Reflexes can go in either direction, whereas axons transmit in only one direction.
What evidence led Lashley to draw his conclusions of equipotentiality and mass action? a. Learning depends on changes at synapses using all types of neurotransmitters. b. Electrical stimulation of the brain can produce either reward or punishment, depending on the intensity of stimulation. c. EEG studies show activation throughout the brain during an experiment on learning. d. Impairment of learning depended on the amount of cortical damage rather than the location.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 43 - In a neuron, what creates the electrochemical...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Explain the difference between a ligand-gated K+...Ch. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 43 - Alzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 43 - Prob. 12PIAT
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- The reflex arc is the fastest way the body has to move a body part from danger or away from the source of pain. Have you ever noticed your own reflex response? Did you notice that you felt the pain after you yanked your hand away from the source of pain? Which is the sequence of structures involved in a reflex response? a. motor neurons → effectors → brain → sensory neurons → interneurons b. effectors → sensory neurons → brain → motor neurons c. sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons → effectors d. sensory neurons → motor neurons → interneurons → effectorsarrow_forwardWhat do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous systemarrow_forwardSuppose you want to cause the presynaptic terminal of an axon to release its transmitter. How could you do so without an action potential?A. Decrease the temperature at the synapse.B. Use an electrode to produce IPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron.C. Inject water into the presynaptic terminal.D. Inject calcium into the presynaptic terminal.arrow_forward
- If an excitatory synapse and inhibitory synapse generate postsynaptic potentials on the same neuron what can happen? a. The generated potentials will sum up to make a larger postsynaptic potential. b. Nothing will happen, because inhibitory neurons will not form synapses on the same neurons as excitatory neurons. c. The postsynaptic potential generated by the inhibitory synapse will shunt the excitatory synapse, leading to a reduction in the postsynaptic potential. d. None of the abovearrow_forwardA researcher discovers a strong positive correlation between hippocampus activity and performance on a spatial learning task. What can be concluded? A. a lot of hippocampus activity causes greater spatial learning B. individuals with greater spatial learning naturally have more hippocampus activity C. knowing hippocampus activity enables a prediction of spatial learning performance D. because of an impaired hippocampus, some people cannot perform spatial learning wellarrow_forwardWhich brain region involved in action control is incorrectly paired with its function? a. Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) - Plans and coordinates internal thoughts and external actions b. Cerebellum - Motor learning, monitor action online, coordinates the timing and trajectory of movement c. Frontal Eye Fields (FEF) - Execution of voluntary eye movements d. Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) - Responds to observed and self-enacted actionarrow_forward
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- Why are people unconscious during slow-wave sleep?A. Inhibitory transmitters block the spread of activity in the cortex.B. The sensory receptors become unresponsive to nearly all input.C. Spontaneous activity ceases in the neurons of the cortex.D. Circulating hormones block the sodium gates in axon membranes.arrow_forwardDesigners should, theoretically, be able to appeal to this level of the brain to get users to make decisions which they will justify later. A. The Lizard Brain B. The Mammal Brain C. The Human Brainarrow_forwardWhen a vigorous pinch excited a dog’s flexor muscle, it decreased excitation of the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington cited this observation as evidence for what? a. Temporal summation b. Spatial summation c. Inhibitory synapsesarrow_forward
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