Interpretation:
The new relationships between molecules after modifying the positions of groups is to be examined.
Concept Introduction:
The molecules which are non-superimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.
A pair of two mirror images which are non-identical is known as enantiomers which are optically active.
The objects or molecules which are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds but they are optically inactive.
The stereoisomers which are non-superimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.
Chiral molecules are capable of rotating plane polarized light
The molecules which are superimposable or identical with their mirror images are known as achiral molecules, and achiral molecules are not capable of rotating the plane-polarised light.
Plane of symmetry is the plane that bisects the molecule in two equal halves, such that they are mirror images of each other.
Compounds having plane of symmetry are usually achiral as they do not have different atoms around the central carbon atom.
The objects which are non-superimposable or not identical with its mirror image are known as chiral objects. The pair of two mirror images which are non-identical are known as enantiomers.
The objects which are superimposable with its mirror images are achiral objects and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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- A student was given from the list of the compounds below A, B and D blindly and asked to identify them all. He treated each of them with Brady's reagent (2,4-ditrophenylhydrazine) and isolated a bright yellow compound for one of them, but the other two gave false negatives. The student reasoned that the false negatives may be due to sterics and, on further thinking, it dawned on him that he might be able to rule out one of the false negatives with the haloform test. What compound did he find compatible with the haloform test? That compound did indeed give a false negative in the Brady test. Which of the other two was positive in the Brady test? A = haloform B = Brady A = haloform D = Brady B = haloform A = Brady B = haloform D = Brady D = haloform A = Brady D = haloform B = Bradyarrow_forwardA difficult problem in the synthesis of PGF2α is the introduction of the OH group at C15 in the desired configuration. a. Label this stereogenic center as R or S. b. A well known synthesis of PGF2α involves reaction of A with Zn(BH4)2, a metal hydride reagent similar in reactivity to NaBH4, to form two isomeric products, B and C. Draw their structures and indicate their stereochemical relationship. c. Suggest a reagent to convert A to the single stereoisomer X.arrow_forwardBetween the cis and trans configuration of 1-chloro-3-methylcyclohexane, which is the most stable stereoisomer and configuration? To prove your argument, use your models or a modelling software to model cis- and trans-1-chloro-3-methylcyclohexane (show all the hydrogens and ensure proper chair conformation) and use arrows to show where steric strain occurs. Include these photos in your answer.arrow_forward
